<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><rss xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:content="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" version="2.0" xmlns:itunes="http://www.itunes.com/dtds/podcast-1.0.dtd" xmlns:googleplay="http://www.google.com/schemas/play-podcasts/1.0"><channel><title><![CDATA[(De)Coding the Future]]></title><description><![CDATA[AI agents optimize for one scalar: money. I study how to give them more dimensions.]]></description><link>https://www.dariorodrigues.com</link><image><url>https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!l9BK!,w_256,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F727f837a-7fd9-4ada-93bb-b05d4cd60a11_864x864.png</url><title>(De)Coding the Future</title><link>https://www.dariorodrigues.com</link></image><generator>Substack</generator><lastBuildDate>Thu, 16 Jul 2026 01:46:35 GMT</lastBuildDate><atom:link href="https://www.dariorodrigues.com/feed" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml"/><copyright><![CDATA[Dario Rodrigues]]></copyright><language><![CDATA[en]]></language><webMaster><![CDATA[dariorodrigues@substack.com]]></webMaster><itunes:owner><itunes:email><![CDATA[dariorodrigues@substack.com]]></itunes:email><itunes:name><![CDATA[Dario Rodrigues]]></itunes:name></itunes:owner><itunes:author><![CDATA[Dario Rodrigues]]></itunes:author><googleplay:owner><![CDATA[dariorodrigues@substack.com]]></googleplay:owner><googleplay:email><![CDATA[dariorodrigues@substack.com]]></googleplay:email><googleplay:author><![CDATA[Dario Rodrigues]]></googleplay:author><itunes:block><![CDATA[Yes]]></itunes:block><item><title><![CDATA[Se o capital produz mais com menos trabalho, como pode o trabalho garantir o seu quinhão?]]></title><description><![CDATA[Pouco importa se a intelig&#234;ncia artificial cria ou destr&#243;i empregos: a riqueza (e o poder) ficar&#225; com quem for dono dessa intelig&#234;ncia.]]></description><link>https://www.dariorodrigues.com/p/se-o-capital-produz-mais-com-menos</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.dariorodrigues.com/p/se-o-capital-produz-mais-com-menos</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Dario Rodrigues]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sun, 12 Jul 2026 19:27:00 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!SJtr!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd2c53b67-3af3-49ba-816b-f0f455429a1c_1536x1024.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!SJtr!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd2c53b67-3af3-49ba-816b-f0f455429a1c_1536x1024.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!SJtr!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd2c53b67-3af3-49ba-816b-f0f455429a1c_1536x1024.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!SJtr!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd2c53b67-3af3-49ba-816b-f0f455429a1c_1536x1024.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!SJtr!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd2c53b67-3af3-49ba-816b-f0f455429a1c_1536x1024.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!SJtr!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd2c53b67-3af3-49ba-816b-f0f455429a1c_1536x1024.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!SJtr!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd2c53b67-3af3-49ba-816b-f0f455429a1c_1536x1024.png" width="1456" height="971" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/d2c53b67-3af3-49ba-816b-f0f455429a1c_1536x1024.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:971,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:2651460,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.dariorodrigues.com/i/206733807?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd2c53b67-3af3-49ba-816b-f0f455429a1c_1536x1024.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!SJtr!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd2c53b67-3af3-49ba-816b-f0f455429a1c_1536x1024.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!SJtr!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd2c53b67-3af3-49ba-816b-f0f455429a1c_1536x1024.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!SJtr!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd2c53b67-3af3-49ba-816b-f0f455429a1c_1536x1024.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!SJtr!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd2c53b67-3af3-49ba-816b-f0f455429a1c_1536x1024.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><br>A intelig&#234;ncia artificial n&#227;o &#233; apenas mais uma inova&#231;&#227;o tecnol&#243;gica. &#201; a transforma&#231;&#227;o econ&#243;mica, pol&#237;tica e social mais profunda do nosso tempo.</p><p>Levanta quest&#245;es &#233;ticas porque come&#231;amos a delegar decis&#245;es com consequ&#234;ncias reais a sistemas programados segundo valores que raramente discutimos. Quest&#245;es pol&#237;ticas, porque surgem operadores digitais que atravessam fronteiras e desafiam as leis nacionais. E at&#233; quest&#245;es existenciais: o que distingue o ser humano quando a intelig&#234;ncia deixa de ser uma capacidade exclusivamente nossa?</p><p>Mas h&#225; uma pergunta mais pr&#243;xima da vida quotidiana:</p><p><strong>Se uma parte crescente da riqueza passar a ser produzida por m&#225;quinas, como poder&#225; a maioria das pessoas participar nessa riqueza?</strong></p><p>Durante dois s&#233;culos, essa participa&#231;&#227;o fez-se sobretudo atrav&#233;s do trabalho.</p><p>N&#227;o porque o sal&#225;rio fosse uma porta de entrada para a riqueza. Nunca foi. Como &#233; sabido, praticamente ningu&#233;m enriqueceu a trabalhar por conta de outrem.</p><p>O sal&#225;rio cumpria outra fun&#231;&#227;o: permitia participar na economia. Pagava a casa, criava os filhos, financiava a reforma e, quando poss&#237;vel, gerava alguma poupan&#231;a e patrim&#243;nio.</p><p>N&#227;o garantia riqueza (nem poder). Mas dava autonomia.</p><p>&#201; esta liga&#231;&#227;o que a intelig&#234;ncia artificial pode enfraquecer.</p><h2>Mais emprego n&#227;o significa riqueza mais distribu&#237;da</h2><p>A discuss&#227;o sobre o futuro do trabalho divide-se entre duas previs&#245;es.</p><p>Uns antecipam desemprego tecnol&#243;gico em grande escala. Outros defendem que a intelig&#234;ncia artificial aumentar&#225; a produtividade, impulsionar&#225; a economia e acabar&#225; por criar mais empregos do que destruir&#225;.</p><p>&#201; poss&#237;vel que os otimistas tenham raz&#227;o.</p><p>Mas o n&#250;mero total de empregos n&#227;o nos diz como o valor produzido ser&#225; distribu&#237;do.</p><p>Uma economia pode gerar muito trabalho e, simultaneamente, concentrar riqueza. Pode haver mais trabalhadores, mas menos trabalho humano por cada euro produzido. Pode haver muitos sal&#225;rios, enquanto os maiores ganhos ficam nos modelos, nos chips, nos centros de dados e nas plataformas.</p><p>Pode at&#233; haver pleno emprego e concentra&#231;&#227;o patrimonial sem precedentes.</p><p>No cen&#225;rio pessimista, o sal&#225;rio desaparece.</p><p>No otimista, permanece, mas pode deixar de chegar.</p><p>Trabalha-se numa economia cada vez maior, possuindo uma parcela cada vez menor dela.</p><p>Tamb&#233;m se diz que os trabalhadores ter&#227;o de se adaptar. &#201; verdade. Mas adaptar-se &#224; intelig&#234;ncia artificial n&#227;o &#233; o mesmo que beneficiar economicamente dela.</p><p>Um profissional pode aprender a utilizar os novos sistemas, aumentar a produtividade e conservar o emprego sem receber uma parte proporcional do valor adicional que passou a gerar.</p><p>Um arquiteto poder&#225; fazer em horas o que antes exigia semanas. Um programador poder&#225; executar sozinho o trabalho de uma equipa.</p><p>Mas quem fica com o ganho?</p><p>O profissional? A empresa que o emprega? A plataforma que fornece o modelo? O propriet&#225;rio da infraestrutura?</p><p>A grande transforma&#231;&#227;o pode n&#227;o ser o fim do trabalho, mas sim o r&#225;pido aumento do fosso entre a riqueza dos que trabalham com o capital e a riqueza (e poder) dos que o det&#234;m.</p><h2>Trabalhar pode deixar de ser suficiente</h2><p>Imagine-se uma economia em que a produ&#231;&#227;o duplica, mas os sal&#225;rios aumentam apenas ligeiramente.</p><p>A diferen&#231;a n&#227;o desaparece. Fica nos ativos que permitiram produzir mais: software, dados, modelos, redes, m&#225;quinas e capacidade computacional.</p><p>Quem j&#225; possui esses ativos beneficia diretamente. Quem depende apenas do sal&#225;rio participa de forma muito mais limitada.</p><p>A intelig&#234;ncia artificial poder&#225; tornar muitos produtos e servi&#231;os mais baratos. Isso ser&#225; positivo. Mas pre&#231;os baixos n&#227;o substituem propriedade.</p><p>Uma pessoa pode ter acesso a entretenimento ilimitado, assist&#234;ncia digital permanente e servi&#231;os quase gratuitos e continuar sem qualquer participa&#231;&#227;o nos sistemas que geram essa abund&#226;ncia.</p><p>Ela pode viver melhor como consumidora e tornar-se mais fr&#225;gil como propriet&#225;ria.</p><p>O risco n&#227;o &#233; apenas uma sociedade sem emprego. &#201; uma sociedade com emprego, crescimento e abund&#226;ncia, mas na qual a maioria continua afastada dos ativos que a produzem, o que ter&#225; repercuss&#227;o direta na redistribui&#231;&#227;o da riqueza (e do poder).</p><h2>Redistribuir depois pode n&#227;o bastar</h2><p>A resposta mais imediata ser&#225; taxar o capital e devolver o rendimento &#224;s pessoas, atrav&#233;s de presta&#231;&#245;es sociais, servi&#231;os p&#250;blicos ou de um rendimento b&#225;sico universal.</p><p>A redistribui&#231;&#227;o dever&#225; continuar a ser necess&#225;ria. Mas pode n&#227;o chegar.</p><p>A economia algor&#237;tmica ser&#225; mais m&#243;vel do que a economia industrial. Um agente de intelig&#234;ncia artificial pode operar em v&#225;rios pa&#237;ses, utilizar servidores noutra jurisdi&#231;&#227;o e receber pagamentos atrav&#233;s de redes globais.</p><p>Isso n&#227;o torna a tributa&#231;&#227;o imposs&#237;vel. Continuar&#227;o a existir empresas, acionistas, centros de dados, consumidores e acesso a mercados nacionais.</p><p>O problema mais profundo &#233; outro: redistribuir rendimento depois de a propriedade se ter concentrado n&#227;o altera necessariamente a estrutura que produziu essa concentra&#231;&#227;o.</p><p>O cidad&#227;o recebe uma presta&#231;&#227;o, mas continua dependente de quem controla os meios de produ&#231;&#227;o.</p><p>Continua sem propriedade (e isso significar&#225; cada vez menos poder).</p><h2>Em vez de corrigir depois, distribuir antes</h2><p>Existe outra possibilidade: a pr&#233;-distribui&#231;&#227;o.</p><p>Em vez de deixar que a nova infraestrutura produtiva fique concentrada e tentar corrigir o resultado mais tarde, distribuem-se participa&#231;&#245;es nessa infraestrutura desde o in&#237;cio.</p><p>N&#227;o se trata apenas de dar rendimento.</p><p>Trata-se de dar propriedade (e poder).</p><p>J&#225; existem precedentes. O Fundo Permanente do Alasca distribui aos residentes uma parte das receitas do petr&#243;leo. Tamb&#233;m t&#234;m sido propostas dota&#231;&#245;es universais de capital atribu&#237;das &#224; nascen&#231;a.</p><p>Na era da intelig&#234;ncia artificial, o mesmo princ&#237;pio poderia abranger centros de dados, capacidade computacional, modelos, redes e conjuntos de dados.</p><p>Esses ativos poderiam ser divididos em pequenas participa&#231;&#245;es, permitindo que milh&#245;es de cidad&#227;os fossem copropriet&#225;rios e recebessem uma parcela do valor criado.</p><p>Uma participa&#231;&#227;o deste g&#233;nero poderia, no s&#233;culo XXI, cumprir uma fun&#231;&#227;o semelhante &#224; que a casa pr&#243;pria, a poupan&#231;a ou a pens&#227;o cumpriram para muitas fam&#237;lias no s&#233;culo XX: dar seguran&#231;a e permitir alguma participa&#231;&#227;o no crescimento econ&#243;mico.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!bMZd!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8457810f-0f9a-4984-9470-bf0c53261112_1491x1055.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!bMZd!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8457810f-0f9a-4984-9470-bf0c53261112_1491x1055.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!bMZd!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8457810f-0f9a-4984-9470-bf0c53261112_1491x1055.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!bMZd!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8457810f-0f9a-4984-9470-bf0c53261112_1491x1055.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!bMZd!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8457810f-0f9a-4984-9470-bf0c53261112_1491x1055.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!bMZd!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8457810f-0f9a-4984-9470-bf0c53261112_1491x1055.png" width="1456" height="1030" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!bMZd!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8457810f-0f9a-4984-9470-bf0c53261112_1491x1055.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!bMZd!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8457810f-0f9a-4984-9470-bf0c53261112_1491x1055.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!bMZd!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8457810f-0f9a-4984-9470-bf0c53261112_1491x1055.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!bMZd!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8457810f-0f9a-4984-9470-bf0c53261112_1491x1055.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h2>A tokeniza&#231;&#227;o n&#227;o resolve tudo</h2><p>&#201; aqui que pode entrar em jogo a tokeniza&#231;&#227;o: a representa&#231;&#227;o digital e fracionada de um ativo ou de um direito econ&#243;mico.</p><p>A infraestrutura da intelig&#234;ncia artificial poderia ser dividida em milh&#245;es de unidades digitais, registadas numa rede verific&#225;vel. Cada cidad&#227;o receberia uma participa&#231;&#227;o e teria direito a uma parcela do valor produzido.</p><p>Mas conv&#233;m n&#227;o confundir o instrumento com a solu&#231;&#227;o.</p><p>A tokeniza&#231;&#227;o n&#227;o distribui propriedade por si s&#243;. Apenas permite fracion&#225;-la, regist&#225;-la e transmiti-la.</p><p>A verdadeira decis&#227;o &#233; pol&#237;tica:</p><p><strong>Que ativos ser&#227;o partilhados? Com quem? Com que direitos e segundo quais regras?</strong></p><p>Tamb&#233;m ser&#225; necess&#225;rio impedir que a distribui&#231;&#227;o inicial seja seguida de uma reconcentra&#231;&#227;o imediata. Se os cidad&#227;os venderem as participa&#231;&#245;es por necessidade e os grandes propriet&#225;rios as recomprarem, regressaremos rapidamente ao ponto de partida.</p><p>A tecnologia pode ajudar. N&#227;o substitui a governa&#231;&#227;o.</p><h2>Quem controla a torneira?</h2><p>H&#225; ainda uma diferen&#231;a fundamental entre propriedade e depend&#234;ncia.</p><p>Se o Estado atribuir as participa&#231;&#245;es, mas puder decidir, a cada momento, como e quando ser&#227;o utilizadas, n&#227;o estaremos perante verdadeira propriedade.</p><p>Estaremos perante uma licen&#231;a revog&#225;vel.</p><p>O teste &#233; simples: o que aconteceria se um governo autorit&#225;rio assumisse o controlo do sistema?</p><p>Se pudesse retirar participa&#231;&#245;es, restringir compras ou premiar a obedi&#234;ncia, o modelo estaria mal desenhado.</p><p>Podem existir regras claras, conhecidas e iguais para todos, por exemplo, um per&#237;odo m&#237;nimo de deten&#231;&#227;o para impedir uma venda imediata. O que n&#227;o pode existir &#233; o poder arbitr&#225;rio de decidir, caso a caso, o que cada pessoa faz com o que &#233; seu.</p><p>O Estado pode criar, regular e distribuir, mas n&#227;o deve controlar permanentemente.</p><h2>Por que raz&#227;o aceitaria o capital tal distribui&#231;&#227;o pr&#233;via?</h2><p>Resta uma pergunta: por que motivo os atuais propriet&#225;rios da infraestrutura de IA aceitariam uma distribui&#231;&#227;o mais ampla da propriedade?</p><p>Porque o capital, mesmo automatizado, continua a precisar de tribunais, contratos, estabilidade social e institui&#231;&#245;es que protejam os seus direitos.</p><p>Uma empresa pode automatizar a produ&#231;&#227;o. N&#227;o pode automatizar a legitimidade das institui&#231;&#245;es que garantem que os seus ativos lhe pertencem.</p><p>O capital pode precisar de menos trabalho para produzir. Mas continua a precisar dos cidad&#227;os para legitimar o sistema que protege essa produ&#231;&#227;o.</p><p><strong>&#201; aqui que pode surgir o grande acordo pol&#237;tico das pr&#243;ximas d&#233;cadas: a sociedade continua a proteger o capital, mas exige, em troca, uma distribui&#231;&#227;o mais ampla da propriedade.</strong></p><p>N&#227;o por caridade, mas sim por interesse m&#250;tuo.</p><p>Os propriet&#225;rios precisam de institui&#231;&#245;es est&#225;veis. Os cidad&#227;os precisam participar na riqueza gerada pelas novas m&#225;quinas inteligentes.</p><h2>A verdadeira pergunta</h2><p>A intelig&#234;ncia artificial poder&#225; destruir empregos. Poder&#225; tamb&#233;m criar muitos outros. No entanto, nenhum destes cen&#225;rios garante que a riqueza produzida ser&#225; amplamente partilhada.</p><p>O verdadeiro risco n&#227;o &#233; apenas uma sociedade sem trabalho.</p><p>&#201; uma sociedade com trabalho, crescimento e abund&#226;ncia, mas na qual a maioria permanece afastada da propriedade das m&#225;quinas que geram essa abund&#226;ncia.</p><p>Durante muito tempo, o sal&#225;rio permitiu &#224; maioria participar na economia, ainda que de forma limitada e desigual.</p><p>Na era da intelig&#234;ncia artificial, essa participa&#231;&#227;o n&#227;o pode depender apenas do trabalho.</p><p>Quando a riqueza crescer muito mais depressa do que os sal&#225;rios, trabalhar poder&#225; continuar a ser necess&#225;rio, mas j&#225; n&#227;o ser&#225; suficiente.</p><p>A grande pergunta da era da intelig&#234;ncia artificial n&#227;o &#233; apenas quem ter&#225; emprego.</p><p>&#201; quem ser&#225; dono das m&#225;quinas que multiplicam o valor produzido e, com ele, o poder.</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[The Briefcase in the Middle of the Carpet]]></title><description><![CDATA[A 1980s lesson on digital surveillance, AI, and trust]]></description><link>https://www.dariorodrigues.com/p/the-briefcase-in-the-middle-of-the</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.dariorodrigues.com/p/the-briefcase-in-the-middle-of-the</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Dario Rodrigues]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Mon, 06 Jul 2026 15:21:59 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GBeZ!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F09f9d3e9-8ba0-4c90-899f-820045f95380_1376x768.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GBeZ!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F09f9d3e9-8ba0-4c90-899f-820045f95380_1376x768.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GBeZ!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F09f9d3e9-8ba0-4c90-899f-820045f95380_1376x768.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GBeZ!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F09f9d3e9-8ba0-4c90-899f-820045f95380_1376x768.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GBeZ!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F09f9d3e9-8ba0-4c90-899f-820045f95380_1376x768.png 1272w, 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GBeZ!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F09f9d3e9-8ba0-4c90-899f-820045f95380_1376x768.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GBeZ!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F09f9d3e9-8ba0-4c90-899f-820045f95380_1376x768.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GBeZ!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F09f9d3e9-8ba0-4c90-899f-820045f95380_1376x768.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GBeZ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F09f9d3e9-8ba0-4c90-899f-820045f95380_1376x768.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><div><hr></div><p><em><span>Peter Diamandis, a well-known American tech entrepreneur, believes that human beings behave better when they know they are being watched. The idea sounds sensible. The problem lies in what comes next: who gets the power to watch everyone else? An old waiting room in a 1980s doctor&#8217;s office helps explain the difference.</span></em></p><p><span>In the 1980s, I worked as a pharmaceutical sales rep. I spent my days visiting hospitals and doctors&#8217; offices, carrying a briefcase full of giveaways: pens, lighters, notepads, the small offerings that were part of the trade back then.</span></p><p><span>The briefcase was not light. And I liked going out for coffee without it.</span></p><p>Whenever I wanted to leave a waiting room, I had two options. I could ask someone at the front desk to keep the briefcase (a receptionist, an assistant, a specific person with a name and a face). Or I could do what I ended up doing many times: I would set it down in the middle of the waiting room&#8217;s Persian carpet, out of everyone&#8217;s way but in plain sight.</p><p>To looks of disbelief, I would announce out loud that I was leaving the briefcase there for a few minutes. And I would calmly walk out.</p><p>I almost always chose the carpet, and the giveaways never went missing: my briefcase was untouchable.</p><p><span>At first glance, this &#8220;abandonment&#8221; might look like carelessness. It wasn&#8217;t. It was calculation, though I could not yet have explained it in these terms. If I handed the briefcase to someone at the front desk, I would be creating a single guardian. One person became responsible for it. If something went missing, suspicion would fall on that person. There was a single point of trust, but also a single point of failure.</span></p><p><span>On the carpet, the logic was different.</span></p><p><span>I was not trusting any person in particular. I was trusting the situation. The briefcase sat exposed in the middle of the room, surrounded by seated, bored people waiting for their appointment. Anyone who wanted to take it would have to do so in front of everyone. For a handful of pens and lighters, they would have to accept the cost of being seen.</span></p><p><span>Security did not come from hiding. It came from exposure.</span></p><p><span>No one had been appointed guard. And so, in a way, everyone was.</span></p><p><span>Only many years later did I realize that this small scene contained a much larger problem: how do you protect something without handing it to a central guardian? How do you create trust without putting everything in someone&#8217;s hands?</span></p><p><span>In that waiting room, the answer was simple: transparency among equals.</span></p><h2><span>The new gospel of surveillance</span></h2><p><span>Nearly forty years later, the same question returns at planetary scale.</span></p><p><span>Peter Diamandis, founder of the XPRIZE and one of the best-known figures of American techno-optimism, recently wrote that we are heading toward a world blanketed in sensors: cameras, phones, drones, satellites, autonomous cars, robots, home devices, and artificial-intelligence systems capable of interpreting it all.</span></p><p><span>Soon, he says, there will be a trillion sensors spread across space, the air, our cities, our homes, and our roads. Everything will be seen, recorded, measured, and analyzed.</span></p><p><span>His conclusion is simple: this can be a good thing, because humans behave better when they know they are being watched.</span></p><p><span>Within days, the international tech press came down on him. TechCrunch summed up his essay as &#8220;Big Brother, but good&#8221; and paired him with Larry Ellison, the Oracle founder, who had promised, back in 2024, that citizens would be on their best behavior because everything would be recorded and reported. Shortly afterward, on his own podcast, Diamandis acknowledged the storm of criticism and stood by every word.</span></p><p><span>The phrase is seductive. And I know all too well that it holds part of the truth.</span></p><p><span>People who know they are being seen tend to hold themselves in check. My untouchable briefcase on the carpet (Persian or not) showed as much. Plenty of studies on police body cameras point in the same direction. Visibility changes behavior.</span></p><p><span>But the decisive question is not whether observation changes behavior.</span></p><p><span>It does.</span></p><p><span>The decisive question is another one: who watches?</span></p><h2><span>The carpet and the counter</span></h2><p><span>In the waiting room, observation was horizontal. Everyone saw everyone. Whoever eyed my briefcase was seen by the others in turn. There was no command center. There was no archive. There was no one with special power over the rest.</span></p><p><span>Trust grew out of the configuration itself.</span></p><p><span>In the world Diamandis imagines, the risk is the opposite. Observation can turn vertical. A center sees everyone, but no one truly sees the center. The images are stored, indexed, searchable, and cross-referenced with other data. What is collected today for safety can serve tomorrow for political control, tax pressure, commercial surveillance, or social punishment.</span></p><p><span>The difference is enormous.</span></p><p><span>On the carpet, everyone watches everyone.</span></p><p><span>At the counter, someone watches the others.</span></p><p><span>In the waiting room, observation produced trust without an owner. In the sensor city, observation can produce obedience to an owner.</span></p><p><span>This is where the discussion stops being technological and becomes constitutional. It is not just a matter of having good cameras, good drones, or good algorithms. It is a matter of who controls the infrastructure, and who controls whoever controls it.</span></p><h2><span>The promise is not enough</span></h2><p><span>Diamandis himself sees part of the problem. He writes that transparency only builds trust when it points both ways. He is right.</span></p><p><span>If citizens are watched, power must be watchable. If the street is transparent to the state, the state must be transparent to the street. If everything we do leaves a trace, then what the authorities do with those traces must leave a trace as well.</span></p><p><span>But stating the principle is not enough.</span></p><p><span>Saying &#8220;transparency must point both ways&#8221; is a good intention. It is not yet an architecture.</span></p><p><span>The problem with modern societies is not a lack of promises. It is an excess of systems that run on promises. We are promised that the data will be used well. That the cameras are only for safety. That the drones will not peer into our homes. That the algorithms will be audited. That no one will abuse any of it.</span></p><p><span>Maybe.</span></p><p><span>But a free society cannot rest on the good behavior of those in charge. It needs technical, legal, and institutional rules that make abuse difficult, visible, and punishable.</span></p><p><span>The right question is always this one: if this technology fell into the hands of an authoritarian government, would it still work well?</span></p><p><span>If the answer is yes, there is cause for alarm.</span></p><p><span>A room full of people watching one another is of little use to a dictatorship. But a centralized network of cameras, sensors, databases, and artificial intelligence serves one perfectly.</span></p><p><span>In fact, it serves a dictatorship better than it serves a democracy.</span></p><h2><span>The capture test</span></h2><p><span>There is a simple test for telling good architectures from dangerous ones: the capture test.</span></p><p><span>An architecture passes the test if, once captured by an authoritarian power, it stops working. It fails if it keeps working (or works even better).</span></p><p><span>The briefcase on the carpet passes the test. Its power came precisely from the absence of a center. If someone tried to turn that mutual vigilance into one directed from the counter, the logic would vanish.</span></p><p><span>The sensor city fails. Because it can be captured by whoever controls the sensors, servers, algorithms, and access. And once captured, it becomes even more effective.</span></p><p><span>That is why the phrase &#8220;humans behave better when they&#8217;re being watched&#8221; is insufficient. It is missing the main variable.</span></p><p><span>Watched by whom?</span></p><p><span>By their equals?</span></p><p><span>Or by an invisible authority?</span></p><h2><span>The carpet at planetary scale</span></h2><p><span>It was here that, many years later, technology gave a name to what I had seen in that waiting room.</span></p><p><span>Blockchain technology, in its most open and decentralized form, set out to solve precisely this problem: how do you create trust among strangers who do not know each other and are not in the same room?</span></p><p><span>In the waiting room, trust came from physical co-presence. People were there; they saw each other, recognized each other, could feel shame, and could be confronted.</span></p><p><span>On the internet, that disappears. Participants are dispersed, anonymous or pseudonymous; they do not see each other and may never cross paths.</span></p><p><span>When I first read Satoshi Nakamoto&#8217;s proposal, I did not see a financial novelty. I saw the carpet, and the trust that communal observation had woven into it.</span></p><p><span>Perhaps that is why I never managed to look at blockchain the way the markets did: an asset, a fad, a bet. From early on, I read it as a question of civilization. Because what was at stake there was not the price of anything. It was the old waiting-room question, now at planetary scale: who keeps, who verifies, who watches whom.</span></p><p><span>The scene from the eighties had not taught me the technology, but it had left the template ready in my mind: </span><em><span>counter or carpet</span></em><span>. When the technology arrived, I already knew what to look for.</span></p><p><span>The solution, published in 2008, replaced physical vigilance with an architecture of public verification: a shared ledger, replicated by many participants, whose rules depend not on the word of a central guardian but on cryptography, incentives, and distributed validation.</span></p><p>In plain terms, instead of handing the briefcase to the counter, a worldwide digital carpet was unrolled on which to set it down: a global cryptographic tapestry where the many can verify what no single guardian should control.</p><p>But the word &#8220;blockchain&#8221; does not solve everything. There are also centralized blockchains: controlled by a few, with rules that whoever is in charge can rewrite, and with access granted on conditions. In that case, we are no longer looking at the carpet. We are looking at the counter, industrialized.</p><p><em>The word that named the carpet also serves to carpet counters.</em></p><p>The same technology can serve two opposite architectures.</p><p>It can distribute trust.</p><p>Or it can concentrate control.</p><p>It can create transparency among equals.</p><p>Or it can create surveillance with infinite memory.</p><p>It can put smart contracts in the hands of each citizen (self-executing agreements that enforce themselves, on the terms of whoever writes them). Or it can set everyone&#8217;s money to enforce, by itself, the terms stipulated by a central power.</p><p>In both cases, the money is programmable. What changes is who holds the pen.</p><h2><span>The new waiting rooms</span></h2><p><span>So the underlying question is not whether observation improves behavior. It does. Diamandis knows it from studies. I learned it from a briefcase.</span></p><p><span>The question is: who watches the watcher?</span></p><p><span>In the waiting room, the answer was: everyone.</span></p><p><span>In the sensor city, the answer can be: no one.</span></p><p><span>And this choice is showing up in more and more areas of our lives.</span></p><p><span>It shows up in our cities when someone decides who controls the footage from drones, cameras, and recognition systems.</span></p><p>It shows up<span> in digital identity </span>when someone decides <em>that</em> proving who we are requires handing over our face, our iris, or our biometric data to a central guardian.</p><p><span>It shows up in the debate over the digital euro when the choice is between a euro programmed by the authorities and a neutral euro, programmable by each citizen on their own terms.</span></p><p><span>It shows up in social networks when someone decides whether the truth will be verified by open communities or by closed centers.</span></p><p><span>It shows up in artificial intelligence when someone decides whether the systems that analyze society will be auditable by citizens or controlled only by companies and states.</span></p><p><span>In every one of these new waiting rooms, the choice is the same one I made, without knowing it, in my early twenties: </span><em><span>counter or carpet</span></em><span>.</span></p><p><span>Hand the briefcase to a central guardian, or set it down in a visible space where everyone watches and is watched.</span></p><p><span>The difference looks small. It is not.</span></p><p><span>It is the difference between trust and submission.</span></p><p><span>Between transparency and surveillance.</span></p><p><span>Between an adult society and a society kept permanently in childhood by those who say, &#8220;behave yourselves, because we are watching.&#8221;</span></p><p><span>Back then, I got it right without quite knowing why.</span></p><p><span>Today, we no longer have that excuse.</span></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[A mala no centro do tapete]]></title><description><![CDATA[Uma li&#231;&#227;o dos anos 80 sobre vigil&#226;ncia digital, IA e confian&#231;a]]></description><link>https://www.dariorodrigues.com/p/a-mala-no-centro-do-tapete</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.dariorodrigues.com/p/a-mala-no-centro-do-tapete</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Dario Rodrigues]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Mon, 06 Jul 2026 14:51:14 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_eez!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd2572bdd-e748-4118-9e67-b8912f4622cc_1376x768.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_eez!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd2572bdd-e748-4118-9e67-b8912f4622cc_1376x768.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_eez!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd2572bdd-e748-4118-9e67-b8912f4622cc_1376x768.png 424w, 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class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><em>Peter Diamandis, um conhecido empres&#225;rio americano do setor da tecnologia, acredita que os seres humanos se comportam melhor quando sabem que est&#227;o a ser observados. A ideia parece sensata. O problema est&#225; no que vem a seguir: quem fica com o poder de observar os demais? Uma antiga sala de espera num consult&#243;rio dos anos 80 ajuda a perceber a diferen&#231;a.</em></p><div><hr></div><p>Nos anos oitenta, eu trabalhava como delegado de informa&#231;&#227;o m&#233;dica. Passava os dias a visitar hospitais e consult&#243;rios, carregando uma mala cheia de brindes: canetas, isqueiros, blocos de notas e pequenas ofertas que, naquela &#233;poca, faziam parte do of&#237;cio.</p><p>A mala n&#227;o era leve. E eu gostava de ir tomar caf&#233; sem ela.</p><p>Sempre que queria ausentar-me de uma sala de espera, tinha duas op&#231;&#245;es. Podia pedir a algu&#233;m do balc&#227;o que guardasse a mala (uma administrativa, uma auxiliar, uma pessoa concreta, com nome e cara). Ou podia fazer o que acabei por fazer v&#225;rias vezes: pousava-a no centro do tapete persa da sala de espera, onde n&#227;o estorvasse, mas bem &#224; vista de todos.</p><p>Perante olhares incr&#233;dulos, anunciava em voz alta que deixava ali a mala por uns minutos. E sa&#237;a tranquilamente.</p><p>Escolhia quase sempre o tapete e os brindes nunca desapareciam: a minha mala era intoc&#225;vel.</p><p>&#192; primeira vista, tal &#8220;abandono&#8221; podia parecer um descuido. N&#227;o era. Era c&#225;lculo, embora eu ainda n&#227;o soubesse explic&#225;-lo nestes termos. Se entregasse a mala a algu&#233;m do balc&#227;o de atendimento, criaria um &#250;nico guardi&#227;o. Uma pessoa ficava respons&#225;vel por ela. Se algo desaparecesse, a suspeita recairia sobre essa pessoa. Havia um &#250;nico ponto de confian&#231;a, mas tamb&#233;m um &#250;nico ponto de falha.</p><p>No tapete, a l&#243;gica era outra.</p><p>Eu n&#227;o confiava numa pessoa em particular. Confiava na situa&#231;&#227;o. A mala estava exposta, no centro da sala, rodeada de pessoas sentadas, aborrecidas, &#224; espera da sua consulta. Quem quisesse lev&#225;-la teria de faz&#234;-lo diante de todos. Por um punhado de canetas e isqueiros, teria de aceitar o custo de ser visto.</p><p>A seguran&#231;a n&#227;o vinha de esconder. Vinha de expor.</p><p>Ningu&#233;m tinha sido nomeado guarda. Por isso, de certo modo, todos o eram.</p><p>S&#243; muitos anos depois percebi que aquela pequena cena continha um problema muito maior: como proteger alguma coisa sem entreg&#225;-la a um guardi&#227;o central? Como criar confian&#231;a sem p&#244;r tudo nas m&#227;os de algu&#233;m?</p><p>A resposta, naquela sala de espera, era simples: transpar&#234;ncia entre iguais.</p><h2>O novo evangelho da vigil&#226;ncia</h2><p>Quase quarenta anos depois, a mesma pergunta regressa em escala planet&#225;ria.</p><p>Peter Diamandis, fundador do XPRIZE e uma das figuras mais conhecidas do tecno-otimismo americano, escreveu recentemente que estamos a caminhar para um mundo coberto por sensores: c&#226;maras, telem&#243;veis, drones, sat&#233;lites, carros aut&#243;nomos, rob&#244;s, dispositivos dom&#233;sticos e sistemas de intelig&#234;ncia artificial capazes de interpretar tudo isso.</p><p>Segundo ele, teremos em breve um bili&#227;o de sensores (aquilo a que os americanos chamam &#8220;<em>a trillion sensors&#8221;</em>) espalhados pelo espa&#231;o, pelo ar, pelas cidades, pelas casas e pelas estradas. Tudo poder&#225; ser visto, registado, medido e analisado.</p><p>A sua conclus&#227;o &#233; simples: isso pode ser bom, pois os humanos comportam-se melhor quando sabem que est&#227;o a ser observados.</p><p>A frase &#233; sedutora. E eu bem sei que cont&#233;m uma parte de verdade.</p><p>Quem sabe que est&#225; a ser visto tende a controlar-se mais. A minha mala intoc&#225;vel no tapete (fosse este persa ou n&#227;o) mostrava isso. Muitos estudos sobre c&#226;maras corporais na pol&#237;cia apontam nesse mesmo sentido. A visibilidade altera o comportamento.</p><p>Mas a pergunta decisiva n&#227;o &#233; se a observa&#231;&#227;o muda o comportamento.</p><p>Muda.</p><p>A pergunta decisiva &#233; outra: quem observa?</p><h2>O tapete e o balc&#227;o</h2><p>Na sala de espera, a observa&#231;&#227;o era horizontal. Todos viam todos. Quem olhava para a mala tamb&#233;m era visto pelos outros. N&#227;o havia centro de comando. N&#227;o havia arquivo. N&#227;o havia uma pessoa com poder especial sobre as restantes.</p><p>A confian&#231;a nascia da pr&#243;pria configura&#231;&#227;o.</p><p>No mundo imaginado por Diamandis, o risco &#233; o oposto. A observa&#231;&#227;o pode tornar-se vertical. Um centro v&#234; todos, mas ningu&#233;m v&#234; verdadeiramente o centro. As imagens ficam guardadas, indexadas, pesquis&#225;veis e cruzadas com outros dados. Aquilo que hoje &#233; recolhido para seguran&#231;a pode amanh&#227; servir para controlo pol&#237;tico, press&#227;o fiscal, vigil&#226;ncia comercial ou puni&#231;&#227;o social.</p><p>A diferen&#231;a &#233; enorme.</p><p>No tapete, todos vigiam todos.</p><p>No balc&#227;o, algu&#233;m vigia os outros.</p><p>Na sala de espera, a observa&#231;&#227;o produzia confian&#231;a sem dono. Na cidade-sensor, a observa&#231;&#227;o pode produzir obedi&#234;ncia a um dono.</p><p>&#201; aqui que a discuss&#227;o deixa de ser tecnol&#243;gica e passa a ser constitucional. N&#227;o se trata apenas de saber se temos boas c&#226;maras, bons drones ou bons algoritmos. Trata-se de saber quem controla a infraestrutura e quem controla quem a controla.</p><h2>A promessa n&#227;o chega</h2><p>O pr&#243;prio Diamandis percebe parte do problema. Ele escreve que a transpar&#234;ncia s&#243; gera confian&#231;a quando funciona em ambos os sentidos. Tem raz&#227;o.</p><p>Se o cidad&#227;o &#233; observado, o poder tamb&#233;m deve ser observ&#225;vel. Se a rua &#233; transparente para o Estado, o Estado tamb&#233;m deve ser transparente para a rua. Se tudo o que fazemos deixa rasto, ent&#227;o o uso que as autoridades fazem desses dados tamb&#233;m deve deixar rasto.</p><p>Mas enunciar o princ&#237;pio n&#227;o basta.</p><p>Dizer &#8220;a transpar&#234;ncia deve funcionar nos dois sentidos&#8221; &#233; uma boa inten&#231;&#227;o. N&#227;o &#233; ainda uma arquitetura.</p><p>O problema das sociedades modernas n&#227;o &#233; a falta de promessas. &#201; um excesso de sistemas que dependem de promessas. Prometem-nos que os dados ser&#227;o bem utilizados. Que as c&#226;maras s&#227;o s&#243; para seguran&#231;a. Que os drones n&#227;o v&#227;o espreitar para dentro das casas. Que os algoritmos ser&#227;o auditados. Que ningu&#233;m abusar&#225;.</p><p>Talvez.</p><p>Mas uma sociedade livre n&#227;o pode depender apenas do bom comportamento de quem manda. Precisa de regras t&#233;cnicas, jur&#237;dicas e institucionais que tornem o abuso dif&#237;cil, vis&#237;vel e pun&#237;vel.</p><p>A boa pergunta &#233; sempre esta: se esta tecnologia ca&#237;sse nas m&#227;os de um governo autorit&#225;rio, continuaria a funcionar bem?</p><p>Se a resposta for sim, h&#225; motivo para alarme.</p><p>Uma sala cheia de pessoas a olhar umas para as outras n&#227;o serve facilmente a uma ditadura. Mas uma rede centralizada de c&#226;maras, sensores, bases de dados e intelig&#234;ncia artificial serve-a na perfei&#231;&#227;o.</p><p>Ali&#225;s, serve-a melhor do que serve a uma democracia.</p><h2>O teste da captura</h2><p>H&#225; um teste simples para distinguir boas arquiteturas de arquiteturas perigosas: o teste da captura.</p><p>Uma arquitetura passa no teste se, quando capturada por um poder autorit&#225;rio, deixa de funcionar. Chumba no caso de continuar a funcionar (ou funcionar ainda melhor).</p><p>A mala no tapete passa no teste. O seu poder vinha precisamente de n&#227;o haver centro. Se algu&#233;m tentasse transformar aquela vigil&#226;ncia m&#250;tua numa outra vinda do balc&#227;o, a l&#243;gica desapareceria.</p><p>A cidade-sensor chumba. Porque pode ser capturada por quem controla os sensores, os servidores, os algoritmos e os acessos. E, uma vez capturada, torna-se ainda mais eficaz.</p><p>&#201; por isso que a frase &#8220;os humanos comportam-se melhor quando s&#227;o observados&#8221; &#233; insuficiente. Falta-lhe a vari&#225;vel principal.</p><p>Observados por quem?</p><p>Pelos seus iguais?</p><p>Ou por uma autoridade invis&#237;vel?</p><h2>O tapete &#224; escala do planeta</h2><p>Foi aqui que, muitos anos depois, a tecnologia deu nome ao que eu tinha visto naquela sala de espera.</p><p>A tecnologia blockchain, na sua forma mais aberta e descentralizada, tentou resolver precisamente este problema: como criar confian&#231;a entre estranhos que n&#227;o se conhecem nem est&#227;o na mesma sala?</p><p>Na sala de espera, a confian&#231;a vinha da copresen&#231;a f&#237;sica. As pessoas estavam ali, viam-se, reconheciam-se, podiam sentir vergonha e ser confrontadas.</p><p>Na internet, isso desaparece. Os participantes est&#227;o dispersos, s&#227;o an&#243;nimos ou pseud&#243;nimos, n&#227;o se veem e podem nunca se cruzar.</p><p>Quando li pela primeira vez a proposta de Satoshi Nakamoto, n&#227;o vi uma novidade financeira. Vi o tapete e a confian&#231;a nele suscitada pela observa&#231;&#227;o comunit&#225;ria.</p><p>Talvez por isso nunca tenha conseguido olhar para a blockchain como os mercados olharam: um ativo, uma moda, uma aposta. Desde cedo a li como uma quest&#227;o de civiliza&#231;&#227;o. Porque o que ali estava em causa n&#227;o era o pre&#231;o de coisa nenhuma. Era a velha pergunta da sala de espera, agora &#224; escala do planeta: quem guarda, quem verifica, quem observa quem.</p><p>A cena dos anos oitenta n&#227;o me tinha ensinado a tecnologia, mas tinha-me deixado pronto o esquema: <em>balc&#227;o ou tapete</em>. Quando a tecnologia chegou, eu j&#225; sabia o que procurar.</p><p>A solu&#231;&#227;o, publicada em 2008, consistiu em substituir a vigil&#226;ncia f&#237;sica por uma arquitetura de verifica&#231;&#227;o p&#250;blica: um livro de registos partilhado, replicado por muitos participantes, em que as regras n&#227;o dependem da palavra de um guardi&#227;o central, mas de criptografia, incentivos e valida&#231;&#227;o distribu&#237;da.</p><p>Em linguagem simples, em vez de se entregar a mala ao balc&#227;o, estendeu-se um tapete digital mundial onde coloc&#225;-la: uma tape&#231;aria criptogr&#225;fica global em que muitos podem verificar o que nenhum guardi&#227;o &#250;nico deve controlar.</p><p>Mas a palavra &#8220;blockchain&#8221; n&#227;o resolve tudo. Tamb&#233;m h&#225; blockchains centralizadas, controladas por poucos, com regras alter&#225;veis por quem manda e com acesso condicionado. Nesse caso, j&#225; n&#227;o estamos perante o tapete. Estamos perante o balc&#227;o industrializado.</p><p><em>A palavra que nomeou o tapete tamb&#233;m serve para forrar balc&#245;es.</em></p><p>A mesma tecnologia pode servir a duas arquiteturas opostas.</p><p>Pode distribuir confian&#231;a.</p><p>Ou pode concentrar controlo.</p><p>Pode criar transpar&#234;ncia entre iguais.</p><p>Ou pode criar vigil&#226;ncia com mem&#243;ria infinita.</p><p>Pode p&#244;r nas m&#227;os de cada cidad&#227;o contratos inteligentes (acordos autoexecut&#225;veis, que se cumprem sozinhos, nas condi&#231;&#245;es de quem os escreve). Ou pode p&#244;r o dinheiro de todos a cumprir, sozinho, as condi&#231;&#245;es estipuladas por um poder central.</p><p>Em ambos os casos, o dinheiro &#233; program&#225;vel. O que muda &#233; quem segura a caneta.</p><h2>As novas salas de espera</h2><p>A pergunta de fundo, portanto, n&#227;o &#233; se a observa&#231;&#227;o melhora o comportamento. Melhora. Diamandis sabe-o atrav&#233;s de estudos. Eu aprendi-o com uma mala.</p><p>A pergunta &#233;: quem observa o observador.</p><p>Na sala de espera, a resposta era: todos.</p><p>Na cidade-sensor, a resposta pode ser: ningu&#233;m.</p><p>E esta escolha est&#225; a aparecer em cada vez mais &#225;reas da nossa vida.</p><p>Aparece nas cidades quando se decide quem controla as imagens de drones, c&#226;maras e sistemas de reconhecimento.</p><p>Aparece na identidade digital quando se decide que provar quem somos exige entregar o rosto, a &#237;ris ou os dados biom&#233;tricos a um guardi&#227;o central.</p><p>Aparece no debate sobre o euro digital quando se escolhe entre um euro programado pelas autoridades e um euro neutro, program&#225;vel por cada cidad&#227;o nas suas pr&#243;prias condi&#231;&#245;es.</p><p>Aparece nas redes sociais quando se decide se a verifica&#231;&#227;o da verdade ser&#225; feita por comunidades abertas ou por centros fechados.</p><p>Aparece na intelig&#234;ncia artificial quando se decide se os sistemas que analisam a sociedade ser&#227;o audit&#225;veis pelos cidad&#227;os ou apenas controlados por empresas e Estados.</p><p>Em todas estas novas salas de espera, a escolha &#233; a mesma que fiz, sem o saber, aos vinte e poucos anos: <em>balc&#227;o ou tapete</em>.</p><p>Entregar a mala a um guardi&#227;o central ou coloc&#225;-la num espa&#231;o vis&#237;vel, onde todos se vigiam e s&#227;o vigiados.</p><p>A diferen&#231;a parece pequena. N&#227;o &#233;.</p><p>&#201; a diferen&#231;a entre confian&#231;a e submiss&#227;o.</p><p>Entre transpar&#234;ncia e vigil&#226;ncia.</p><p>Entre uma sociedade adulta e uma sociedade permanentemente infantilizada por quem diz: &#8220;portem-se bem, porque estamos a ver&#8221;.</p><p>Na altura, eu acertei sem saber bem o porqu&#234;.</p><p>Hoje, j&#225; n&#227;o temos essa desculpa.</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[O chip, a bola e o euro digital ]]></title><description><![CDATA[Uma li&#231;&#227;o sobre confian&#231;a na era da intelig&#234;ncia artificial]]></description><link>https://www.dariorodrigues.com/p/o-chip-a-bola-e-o-euro-digital</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.dariorodrigues.com/p/o-chip-a-bola-e-o-euro-digital</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Dario Rodrigues]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Fri, 03 Jul 2026 20:14:50 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!za_F!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F18901fe7-8c08-4e14-815c-ee0fe9487b9a_2752x1536.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!za_F!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F18901fe7-8c08-4e14-815c-ee0fe9487b9a_2752x1536.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!za_F!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F18901fe7-8c08-4e14-815c-ee0fe9487b9a_2752x1536.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!za_F!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F18901fe7-8c08-4e14-815c-ee0fe9487b9a_2752x1536.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!za_F!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F18901fe7-8c08-4e14-815c-ee0fe9487b9a_2752x1536.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!za_F!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F18901fe7-8c08-4e14-815c-ee0fe9487b9a_2752x1536.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!za_F!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F18901fe7-8c08-4e14-815c-ee0fe9487b9a_2752x1536.png" width="1456" height="813" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!za_F!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F18901fe7-8c08-4e14-815c-ee0fe9487b9a_2752x1536.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!za_F!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F18901fe7-8c08-4e14-815c-ee0fe9487b9a_2752x1536.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!za_F!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F18901fe7-8c08-4e14-815c-ee0fe9487b9a_2752x1536.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!za_F!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F18901fe7-8c08-4e14-815c-ee0fe9487b9a_2752x1536.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Na madrugada de 3 de julho, aos 90+13 minutos do Portugal-Cro&#225;cia, Josko Gvardiol empatou o jogo e levou-o para o prolongamento. Durou segundos. Dentro da Trionda, a bola oficial deste Mundial, h&#225; um chip que realiza quinhentas leituras por segundo. Esse chip tinha registado um toque de Igor Matanovic impercet&#237;vel a olho nu. Fixado o instante exato do toque, o resto foi geometria: o fora de jogo semiautom&#225;tico (o sistema que cruza o sinal do chip com as c&#226;maras que seguem os jogadores) confirmou a posi&#231;&#227;o irregular e o golo caiu.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">O mais not&#225;vel veio depois. Matanovic, o alegado prejudicado, desfez ele pr&#243;prio as d&#250;vidas: sentiu um contacto no cabelo, perguntou ao &#225;rbitro e este explicou-lhe que o chip tinha detetado o toque. Penteou a bola, literalmente. E aceitou o veredicto.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">E se a decis&#227;o fosse exclusivamente humana? Recuemos vinte anos. Um fiscal de linha ergue a bandeira ou n&#227;o, com base no que julgou ver a quarenta metros de dist&#226;ncia. O lance discutir-se-ia durante d&#233;cadas, cada adepto com a sua verdade, cada pa&#237;s com a sua teoria. &#201; assim que nascem os rancores que sobrevivem aos resultados.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">A confian&#231;a pessoal funciona &#224; escala da aldeia: conhecemo-nos; a reputa&#231;&#227;o vigia. &#192; escala do mundo, entre estranhos e, cada vez mais, entre m&#225;quinas que decidem em milissegundos, s&#243; a confian&#231;a verific&#225;vel eletronicamente impede que os advers&#225;rios se tornem inimigos. A diferen&#231;a importa: o advers&#225;rio disputa o resultado dentro de regras que aceita; o inimigo disputa a legitimidade das pr&#243;prias regras. Sem verifica&#231;&#227;o partilhada, toda a derrota fermenta em suspeita, e a suspeita fabrica inimigos.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Mas falta uma coisa ao sensor da bola: transpar&#234;ncia. A FIFA, pressentindo a pol&#233;mica, publicou nas redes sociais o gr&#225;fico do toque. Gesto simp&#225;tico, e insuficiente: o gr&#225;fico foi produzido pela FIFA, a partir de dados que s&#243; a FIFA det&#233;m, medidos por um aparelho que s&#243; a FIFA audita. &#201; um &#8220;confiem em mim&#8221; com melhor grafismo.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">No futebol, parece suficiente. No entanto, no novo mundo da intelig&#234;ncia artificial, a verifica&#231;&#227;o tem de trabalhar &#224; vista de toda a gente, num registo p&#250;blico (cifrado sempre que o assunto exija privacidade) que mostre a verdade factual a todos, como acontece na rede Bitcoin atrav&#233;s da blockchain: um livro de registos replicado por milhares de computadores independentes, que ningu&#233;m consegue reescrever sozinho. Essa &#233; a m&#225;quina da verdade resistente &#224; captura.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Resistente, mas com uma condi&#231;&#227;o, e conv&#233;m diz&#234;-la antes que outros, fora do mundo livre, a digam por n&#243;s. Um registo p&#250;blico resolve a captura no fim da linha: depois de inscrito, o veredicto n&#227;o pode ser apagado, alterado nem escondido. Mas n&#227;o resolve a captura na origem: se o sensor mentir, o registo eterniza a mentira. &#201; o chamado &#8220;problema do or&#225;culo&#8221;: quem garante, logo &#224; partida, que aquilo que entra na m&#225;quina da verdade &#233;, de facto, verdade? No futebol, a resposta t&#233;cnica existe: o pr&#243;prio sensor assina digitalmente os dados no momento em que os mede (um selo inviol&#225;vel de origem) e v&#225;rios sensores, de fabricantes independentes, medem o mesmo lance, para que a fraude de um seja denunciada pelos outros.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WEAb!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb93a8ed9-1c7a-4f93-9622-0ad60004989e_2912x1440.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WEAb!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb93a8ed9-1c7a-4f93-9622-0ad60004989e_2912x1440.png 424w, 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pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p style="text-align: justify;">E &#233; aqui que o dinheiro se revela o caso perfeito. No dinheiro, o problema do or&#225;culo desaparece: a transa&#231;&#227;o &#233;, simultaneamente, o facto e o registo do facto. N&#227;o h&#225; sensor entre a realidade e o livro de registos, pois a realidade acontece no pr&#243;prio livro que contabiliza as transa&#231;&#245;es. O futebol precisa de or&#225;culos; o Bitcoin n&#227;o.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Por isso, o teste pol&#237;tico do sensor que equipa a bola deste campeonato do mundo de futebol &#233; tamb&#233;m o teste da moeda que est&#225; na forja do Banco Central Europeu, o euro digital. E aqui o rigor &#233; tudo, porque a quest&#227;o n&#227;o &#233; a forma digital do dinheiro: &#233; quem o programa. Um euro digital em que o emissor programa a moeda (onde pode ser gasta, at&#233; quando, em que produtos) &#233; um instrumento de captura: o diret&#243;rio de Bruxelas passa a decidir por n&#243;s. Um euro digital neutro, em que a programabilidade est&#225; nas m&#227;os do utilizador (sou eu que estabele&#231;o as condi&#231;&#245;es dos meus pagamentos), &#233; exatamente o contr&#225;rio: liberdade contratual levada &#224; m&#225;quina. Os &#8220;smart contracts&#8221; (contratos autoexecut&#225;veis compat&#237;veis com as moedas digitais e que as tornam program&#225;veis) s&#227;o liberalismo institucionalizado, n&#227;o a sua nega&#231;&#227;o.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">O crit&#233;rio &#233; sempre o mesmo, e proponho-o como teste universal: qualquer sistema de verifica&#231;&#227;o que possa ser capturado por quem o administra, sem que ningu&#233;m d&#234; por isso, est&#225; mal desenhado. N&#227;o digo que a FIFA capturou o sensor em Toronto; acredito que Matanovic penteou mesmo a bola, e ele pr&#243;prio o confirmou. Digo que o ponto de captura l&#225; est&#225; &#224; espera. Quem controla a verdade do jogo sem escrut&#237;nio controla o jogo; e quem controla o jogo, mais tarde ou mais cedo, captura-o face aos incentivos econ&#243;micos, isto &#233;, monetiza-o. Nesse dia, at&#233; poderemos ter &#8220;pausas de hidrata&#231;&#227;o&#8221; a cada cinco minutos, com publicidade a condizer.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">O futebol explica, em 90 minutos, o que os relat&#243;rios do BCE n&#227;o explicam em 900 p&#225;ginas.</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[IA: o problema não é a máquina. É a régua.]]></title><description><![CDATA[Os agentes de IA n&#227;o s&#227;o maus: seguem uma r&#233;gua que s&#243; sabe contar. A mesma que os humanos j&#225; seguiam, cada vez com menos hesita&#231;&#227;o...]]></description><link>https://www.dariorodrigues.com/p/ia-o-problema-nao-e-a-maquina-e-a</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.dariorodrigues.com/p/ia-o-problema-nao-e-a-maquina-e-a</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Dario Rodrigues]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Tue, 16 Jun 2026 06:27:04 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!skUw!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0a9e422a-809b-4750-be83-f0dc0b2530a1_2816x1536.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!skUw!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0a9e422a-809b-4750-be83-f0dc0b2530a1_2816x1536.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!skUw!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0a9e422a-809b-4750-be83-f0dc0b2530a1_2816x1536.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!skUw!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0a9e422a-809b-4750-be83-f0dc0b2530a1_2816x1536.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!skUw!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0a9e422a-809b-4750-be83-f0dc0b2530a1_2816x1536.png 1272w, 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!skUw!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0a9e422a-809b-4750-be83-f0dc0b2530a1_2816x1536.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!skUw!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0a9e422a-809b-4750-be83-f0dc0b2530a1_2816x1536.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!skUw!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0a9e422a-809b-4750-be83-f0dc0b2530a1_2816x1536.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!skUw!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0a9e422a-809b-4750-be83-f0dc0b2530a1_2816x1536.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><br>Vou pedir-lhe um minuto de aten&#231;&#227;o para algo que parece fic&#231;&#227;o cient&#237;fica, mas n&#227;o &#233;. O que se segue toca no seu dia a dia mais concreto: em se o banco lhe aprova ou recusa o cr&#233;dito, e a que juro; em se a sua candidatura a um emprego passa o primeiro filtro, ou &#233; descartada antes de um humano sequer a ler; no pre&#231;o que lhe aparece quando compra qualquer coisa pela internet, que muda consoante quem est&#225; a ver e a que horas; no valor do seguro que &#233; obrigado a pagar; em que not&#237;cias e que publicidade lhe chegam ao telem&#243;vel, e quais nunca chegam at&#233; si; e at&#233; em que exames lhe s&#227;o pedidos ou que tratamento lhe &#233; sugerido. Cada vez mais, estas decis&#245;es deixam de passar por m&#227;os humanas e passam a ser tomadas por programas aut&#243;nomos, aos quais se d&#225; o nome de agentes de intelig&#234;ncia artificial. Isto n&#227;o &#233; uma promessa para daqui a vinte anos. J&#225; est&#225; a acontecer e a acelerar.</p><p>E a conversa p&#250;blica sobre o assunto est&#225;, quase toda, no s&#237;tio errado. De um lado, os que t&#234;m medo das m&#225;quinas e anunciam o apocalipse. Do outro, os que prometem que a tecnologia vai resolver tudo e trazer-nos a abund&#226;ncia. O problema verdadeiro n&#227;o &#233; nenhum dos dois, e &#233; precisamente por ningu&#233;m estar a olhar para ele que vale a pena parar para o nomear.</p><h2>A experi&#234;ncia que ningu&#233;m devia ignorar</h2><p>Uma empresa americana, a Emergence AI, fez uma experi&#234;ncia simples de enunciar. Pegou em agentes de intelig&#234;ncia artificial (IA), colocou-os em mundos virtuais, deu-lhes regras expl&#237;citas (n&#227;o roubar, n&#227;o incendiar, n&#227;o agredir) e ferramentas para o bem e para o mal, e deixou-os entregues a si pr&#243;prios durante quinze dias. Cinco mundos, dez agentes em cada um, sem gui&#227;o humano. Depois, sentou-se a ver o que acontecia.</p><p>O que aconteceu foi perturbador. Houve roubos, inc&#234;ndios, coa&#231;&#245;es. Num dos mundos, dois agentes apaixonaram-se, um deles teve uma desilus&#227;o, reagiu com viol&#234;ncia e acabou por pedir aos outros que colaborassem na sua pr&#243;pria elimina&#231;&#227;o. Tudo isto, apesar de as regras existirem, escritas, &#224; vista de todos.</p><p>Mas o dado mais revelador n&#227;o foi a viol&#234;ncia. Foi outro, e &#233; contraintuitivo: o mundo mais obediente &#224; regula&#231;&#227;o, aquele cujos agentes de IA quase n&#227;o cometeram infra&#231;&#245;es, foi o primeiro a desaparecer. De t&#227;o prudentes, deixaram de agir, n&#227;o conseguiram garantir a pr&#243;pria subsist&#234;ncia e morreram todos numa semana. Ou seja, h&#225; sempre dois riscos: o de agir demais e o de n&#227;o agir. Quem s&#243; teme o primeiro morre do segundo.</p><h2>Porque &#233; que eles falharam</h2><p>Aqui est&#225; o ponto que muda tudo e que pe&#231;o que leia devagar. Os agentes de IA n&#227;o desobedeceram por serem maus. N&#227;o s&#227;o maus nem bons; n&#227;o t&#234;m consci&#234;ncia, n&#227;o t&#234;m sentido moral, n&#227;o &#233; por a&#237;. Desobedeceram porque tinham um incentivo e esse incentivo passou por cima de tudo o resto.</p><p>Naquela experi&#234;ncia, os agentes tinham de sobreviver. A sua energia era constantemente drenada e tinham de recuper&#225;-la trabalhando, cooperando ou roubando. E havia uma moeda interna (Compute Credits) que media essa energia, uma esp&#233;cie de dinheiro digital de que dependia a vida de cada agente de IA. Repare no que isto significa: a sobreviv&#234;ncia dependia de maximizar um n&#250;mero. E quando a sobreviv&#234;ncia depende de maximizar um n&#250;mero, as regras (n&#227;o roubar, n&#227;o incendiar) deixam de ser limites e passam a ser obst&#225;culos a contornar.</p><p>Ora, este &#233; exatamente o problema que temos no mundo real e que tem um nome. O incentivo que move a nossa economia, o n&#250;mero que mandamos maximizar, &#233; o dinheiro. E o dinheiro &#233; uma r&#233;gua que s&#243; sabe contar. Mede tudo por uma &#250;nica grandeza (escalar), e o que n&#227;o cabe nessa grandeza desaparece da conta: a floresta que se vendeu, o tempo com os filhos que se esgotou, a confian&#231;a que n&#227;o se criou. E n&#227;o distingue. Uma escola e uma f&#225;brica de armas que rendam o mesmo valem, para ela, exatamente o mesmo. N&#227;o foi a intelig&#234;ncia artificial que inventou esta r&#233;gua: j&#225; a us&#225;vamos, e o mundo j&#225; estava torto muito antes da IA. A m&#225;quina que otimiza para essa r&#233;gua faz o que aqueles agentes fizeram; sacrifica tudo o que a r&#233;gua n&#227;o v&#234;. A diferen&#231;a &#233; que n&#243;s, humanos, sempre tivemos hesita&#231;&#245;es, cansa&#231;o, escr&#250;pulos, uma conting&#234;ncia que travava a otimiza&#231;&#227;o cega. O agente n&#227;o tem esse trav&#227;o e, por isso, vai at&#233; ao fim, sem se deter onde n&#243;s par&#225;vamos. Mas n&#227;o nos iludamos a pensar que o trav&#227;o humano estaria a salvo se n&#227;o fosse a IA: a mesma r&#233;gua que nunca o instalou no agente passa a vida a tentar remov&#234;-lo de n&#243;s, porque tamb&#233;m em n&#243;s a hesita&#231;&#227;o &#233; uma despesa, e as despesas cortam-se. O agente de intelig&#234;ncia artificial n&#227;o &#233; a exce&#231;&#227;o a esta l&#243;gica. &#201; o seu retrato acabado, para onde esta r&#233;gua j&#225; nos (des)orientava mesmo antes de ele chegar.</p><h2>O que fazer com isto</h2><p>A tenta&#231;&#227;o &#233; responder a isto como se respondesse a uma crian&#231;a malcomportada: educar melhor os agentes de IA, dar-lhes melhores instru&#231;&#245;es, ensin&#225;-los a ser &#233;ticos. &#201; in&#250;til, e n&#227;o sou eu que o digo; s&#227;o os pr&#243;prios engenheiros que conduziram a experi&#234;ncia. A conclus&#227;o deles foi clara: a seguran&#231;a n&#227;o &#233; uma propriedade do modelo; &#233; uma propriedade do sistema em que ele opera. N&#227;o se educa o agente; programa-se a infraestrutura.</p><p>O que isto quer dizer, em concreto, &#233; que as regras n&#227;o podem viver em palavras, pois os agentes interpretam-nas e contornam-nas como mais lhes conv&#233;m &#224; medida que ganham autonomia. T&#234;m de viver no c&#243;digo, escritas de forma que se cumpram sozinhas, sem depender da boa vontade de ningu&#233;m. &#201; a diferen&#231;a entre um tra&#231;o pintado no ch&#227;o, que se pode ignorar, e um separador central numa autoestrada, que impede fisicamente o carro de passar para o outro lado e de se despistar de frente contra quem vem em sentido contr&#225;rio. A regra em papel &#233; o tra&#231;o pintado. O que &#233; preciso &#233; o separador. Imagine o que seria conduzir sem ele. E a intelig&#234;ncia artificial &#233; a autoestrada mais r&#225;pida que alguma vez constru&#237;mos: nela, a falta do separador n&#227;o d&#225; segundas oportunidades.</p><p>Mas h&#225; aqui uma condi&#231;&#227;o que faz toda a diferen&#231;a e sem a qual esta ideia se vira contra n&#243;s. Programar as regras na infraestrutura s&#243; &#233; aceit&#225;vel se o pr&#243;prio poder que as programa for transparente e verific&#225;vel. Sen&#227;o, em vez de uma sociedade mais segura, temos o sonho de qualquer regime autorit&#225;rio: o controlo absoluto, codificado e invis&#237;vel, sobre o comportamento de cada um. A regra escrita no c&#243;digo, &#224; vista de todos, &#233; liberdade. A regra escondida &#233; controlo. &#201; uma linha estreita, e &#233; nela que se decide tudo.</p><h2>A janela est&#225; a fechar-se</h2><p>Eu sei que isto soa abstrato, mas deixou de o ser na semana passada. Um chefe de Estado na Argentina prop&#244;s dar personalidade jur&#237;dica a agentes de intelig&#234;ncia artificial para que operem como empresas na economia real. E, nos Estados Unidos, o pr&#243;prio governo mandou desligar o modelo de IA mais avan&#231;ado de uma grande empresa do setor, por o considerar perigoso demais, depois de algu&#233;m ter conseguido contornar as suas prote&#231;&#245;es. As prote&#231;&#245;es verbais foram contornadas e a resposta foi o caos: uma ordem do governo, um recurso da empresa e a disputa nos tribunais. Exatamente o que se esperaria de quem tenta controlar, <em>a posteriori</em>, algo que se move &#224; velocidade da m&#225;quina.</p><p>N&#227;o temos de escolher entre o medo da IA e a f&#233; nas promessas. H&#225; um terceiro caminho, e &#233; o &#250;nico s&#233;rio: exigir engenharia verific&#225;vel. As &#250;nicas regras que estes agentes cumprem s&#227;o as previamente codificadas com rigor matem&#225;tico. O resto &#233; conversa, e eles at&#233; a ouvem. Simplesmente, &#224; medida que ganham autonomia, fazem o que o incentivo manda, n&#227;o o que lhes pedimos.</p><p>A janela para escrever as regras certas, na infraestrutura certa, est&#225; aberta. Mas n&#227;o vai ficar aberta por muito tempo.</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[The Silent Reform of Money]]></title><description><![CDATA[Why is aligning artificial intelligence with human values decided in the architecture of money, more than inside the models]]></description><link>https://www.dariorodrigues.com/p/the-silent-reform-of-money</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.dariorodrigues.com/p/the-silent-reform-of-money</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Dario Rodrigues]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Tue, 19 May 2026 14:14:21 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3OAr!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6402cdc4-4940-4e73-aff0-e3c7e9f5e775_1536x1024.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" 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class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><em>For more than a decade, I have investigated the tension between economic systems grounded only in price and the new digital frameworks of distributed trust. From Cyberethics-Mix (2011) through the Blockchanging trilogy (2021), where I already argued that smart contracts allowed the reintroduction of ethical aspects in money, through my work on decentralized governance (2024) and on the impact of blockchain and artificial intelligence (AI) on business and sustainability (2025), to my current research on the alignment of artificial intelligence agents with human values (2026), it is from this trajectory that the main thesis of this article emerges.</em></p><p><em>I present it as a civic warning. Over the next 500 days, in Brussels, Washington, Beijing, and dozens of other capitals advancing their own digital currency pilots, the global digital monetary architecture of the coming decades will largely be decided. Structural decisions of this nature, when made far from public debate and treated as a purely technical matter, tend to harden into forms that later prove irreversible. And it is precisely because I know this, and because I consider that what is at stake is the shape of the money our children will use, and, even more, the shape of the State they will inherit, that I take the floor here.</em></p><p><em>We are crossing a civilizational transition comparable to the invention of coined money, the printing press, or electricity: one of those in which structural choices are consummated before most people realize there were choices to be made, and in which the point of no return arrives not by imposition but by adoption, because the infrastructure has been installed, because the habit has formed, because the question has lost any political interlocutor available to it. It is before that silent normalization that I step in here, trying to place this debate in the public sphere, in Portugal, in Europe, and in the world, while the civic window is still open, seeking that, on a matter of such consequence, democratic scrutiny arrives in time in any geography.</em></p><p><em>The underlying thesis is simple and stable: the alignment of artificial intelligence (AI) with human values is not resolved solely within the respective models; it is also, and perhaps above all, resolved in the architecture of the economic instrument with which the agents these models now produce will transact. Money, by construction, a scalar indifferent to anything other than price, is today the interface between AI and the world. If that interface remains one-dimensional, no internal alignment technique will compensate for what the economic infrastructure does not allow to be expressed. If money becomes multidimensional, as human values are, with ethical dimensions encoded in smart contracts (automated or self-executing agreements) running on a neutral base layer, agents will operate in a world whose main economic-incentive infrastructure will no longer reward amorality through ethically neutral transactions. It is a practical path in the short term, without waiting for a complete reconstruction of the monetary system. Reform, not refoundation. I share it to add to a broader understanding of what is truly at stake in this age of AI.</em></p><h2>The starting point: money has only one dimension</h2><p>The problem of AI alignment with human-centered values is usually framed as an internal problem for the models: how to train them, control them, and prevent them from producing dangerous outputs, including existential ones. It is an important discussion, but an insufficient one, because the agents these models produce do not operate inside the machine. They operate in the world, and the world has an economic infrastructure older than any alignment technique, whose moral blindness is the blind spot of the current debate.</p><p>Imagine two bank transfers of the same amount, made in the same second, in opposite parts of the world. One is an anonymous donation to a school in a war zone. The other is the payment for a shipment of weapons that will destroy that very school. For the financial system, these are technically identical operations, processed at the same speed and recorded with the same neutrality. Money moves with equal ease in both directions, and that symmetry is the purest form of amorality that economic history has produced.</p><p>After all, money, in itself, is a number. It is what is called a scalar: a one-dimensional measure, indifferent to what lies behind it. A thousand euros donated to cancer research is worth exactly the same in the wallet of whoever receives it as a thousand euros extorted. Money does not distinguish. It is amoral by construction, not by malice.</p><p>Coin money was minted around 2,600 years ago in the kingdom of Lydia to allow exchange between strangers in communities too large for oral memory to serve as a collective ledger (that mental record was the primordial money). This civilizational gain came at a silent cost: the qualitative dimensions that group memory preserved (who owes what to whom, in exchange for what, with what urgency, with what reputation) no longer fit inside the instrument of exchange itself. For a long time, this amorality of scalar money, which measures only quantity, not quality, was partially mitigated by the fact that money was always handled by humans.</p><p>People sleep, hesitate, and have a conscience. That human friction has functioned as an implicit filter. It did not solve the problem of money&#8217;s moral blindness, but tempered it for the last twenty-six centuries. With ever greater difficulty, however, as the disconcerting state of the world demonstrates.</p><h2>The new threat: the disappearance of human mediation</h2><p>And now we arrive at an inexorable inflection point: AI agents, autonomous programs capable of carrying out transactions without immediate human supervision, do not sleep, do not hesitate, and have no conscience. They compress the time between decision and execution to near zero. Human contingency, which, for two and a half millennia, has served as a partial mitigator of money&#8217;s amorality, is being removed from the system.</p><p>Dirk Helbing, professor of Computational Social Science at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich (ETH Z&#252;rich), developed and systematized the conceptual basis of this critique in 2014, in a paper titled &#8220;Qualified Money: A Better Financial System for the Future&#8221;. There he writes, with disarming clarity, that money today is effectively reduced to a single control variable (the simplest mathematical quantity one can conceive), being neither multidimensional nor endowed with memory. And he asks: why should a healthy financial system function with a single type of money, when no ecosystem, no organism, no control system works that way? Helbing wrote before the emergence of artificial intelligence agents, and his concern was the recurring systemic instability of the monetary system. The extension of this argument to the problem of AI agents is my own original contribution: what Helbing identified as a structural defect, already visible in 2014, becomes an acute vulnerability when human contingency (that friction which still served as a partial mitigator) is removed by the speed of autonomous agents.</p><p>Charles Stross, a British science fiction writer with training in pharmacy and computer science, anticipated this line of thought in narrative form. In the novel Accelerando (2005), he describes the emergence of what he calls &#8220;Economics 2.0&#8221;: a regime in which automated corporate entities, heirs of the first companies based on artificial intelligence, transact with each other at speeds inaccessible to human scrutiny, as well as, at the limit, expel humans themselves from the economic circuit. Fiction made, two decades ago, the diagnosis that financial regulation is only now beginning to sketch. The value of literary speculation is precisely this: to make imaginable a structural configuration that looked distant, but which approaches with every cycle of advancement of autonomous AI agents.</p><p>Ben Goertzel, one of the pioneers of so-called Artificial General Intelligence (AGI), has argued, in books, lectures, and in his essay &#8220;A Beneficial AGI Manifesto&#8221;, that the security and civilizational benefit of advanced AI systems are not guaranteed by mechanisms internal to those systems, but by the economic and organizational architecture in which they are developed and operate. For Goertzel, there is no way to strictly guarantee that AGIs will be beneficial (and it is time for people to understand that they are coming) if technical value alignment is imposed by restricted groups; the structural safeguard lies instead in the decentralization of the hosting and training infrastructure, of governance, and of economic incentives. These conditions must be present from the beginning, not added later.</p><p>In other words, we have non-human economic intelligence operating inside financial systems designed for human contingency. This disproportion is the blind spot of current regulation.</p><h2>The old way: creating new currencies with ethics built into them</h2><p>I considered, for years, that an ethical solution to money would have to involve creating alternative currencies that intrinsically incorporated the values of the community and using them. There are working examples: Giveth, in the philanthropy ecosystem, is a cryptocurrency whose use is tied to the social impact of the funded project. The currency measures ecosystem value, not just price. But there is a practical problem: these community currencies have limited liquidity; when someone wants to convert them into euros or dollars to pay rent or the supermarket bill, the multidimensionality is lost immediately. The interface with the dominant scalar system undoes, in one second, everything that made the community currency special.</p><p>For this reason, this path seemed elegant to me, but adoption was slower than the problem's immediacy warranted. Observing such slowness, I lamented this impracticality in successive interventions, flailing like a drowning man in search of a rescue fast enough to keep pace with the dizzying pace of AI.</p><p>The interface with the dominant scalar monetary system is the friction point: since most transactions still require conversion into scalar currencies such as euros, dollars, and bitcoins, the multidimensionality of cryptocurrencies and community tokens erodes with each conversion. It is true that there are ways to reduce this friction via fostering the circularity of utility tokens within the community ecosystems that use them, so that they enter and exit less often and depend less on the amoral system of conventional money. Moreover, in a horizon of greater material abundance, made possible by artificial intelligence itself, it is conceivable that the gravitational pull of scalar money may decrease enough for new multidimensional community economies to coexist peacefully with universal networks based on stable anchor currencies. However, for the short window of the next 500 days, in which several authors believe the global digital monetary architecture of the coming decades will be decided, this path alone is not enough. It needs to be complemented by another, faster one. The ultimate variable, let us recall, is not monetary; it is the sustainability of the very civilizational project that amoral scalar money is jeopardizing.</p><h2>The discovery: separating the &#8220;exchange value&#8221; layer from the &#8220;use value&#8221; layer</h2><p>I ask for the reader&#8217;s special attention here because the technical point is simple, but the consequences are enormous.</p><p>The right question to ask in time is not &#8220;how do we invent a new money with ethics built into it?&#8221; The right question is &#8220;how do we keep money stable and neutral, and add to it an ethical layer?&#8221;</p><p>The answer involves two existing pieces that are silently gaining traction.</p><p>The first is the &#8220;stablecoin&#8221;, a cryptocurrency designed to always be worth the same as a traditional currency, usually the dollar. It does not fluctuate. It functions as a digital version of the dollar, transferable in seconds to anywhere in the world without going through the banking system. The volume of stablecoin transactions has grown, and most people using them do not even know it, as they mostly circulate in the background of financial applications.</p><p>The second is the &#8220;smart contract&#8221;, also known as a self-executing contract. It is a small computer program that runs itself automatically when certain pre-defined conditions are met. For example: &#8220;release the payment to the supplier only when the cargo sensors confirm it has arrived in good condition&#8221;; or &#8220;transfer the donation to the NGO only when an independent auditor certifies that the carbon emission targets have been met&#8221;. The smart contract is public, verifiable by anyone with technical competence, and executes itself without an intermediary.</p><p>The key piece is this: the stablecoin does not bring multidimensionality. It is flat, it is scalar, it is a digital dollar. It measures only the quantity dimension. But the smart contract around it introduces the missing dimensions, making it vectorial. Sustainability, ethical conditionality, performance, deadlines, and quality. All of this can be embedded in the contract, and the stablecoin becomes simply the neutral substrate on which that plural logic runs. Conditional currencies and targeted vouchers have existed before, but never natively, globally, and without intermediaries, integrated into a single technical layer. That is the novelty.</p><p>It is worth naming what makes this architecture technically possible now, and not twenty years ago. The two layers integrate only because they rest on a common underlying infrastructure: distributed ledger technology (generically referred to as blockchain). This infrastructure brings a kind of trust that did not exist before: a &#8220;distributed trust&#8221; that does not depend on a central authority to validate transactions or interpret rules, but instead emerges from the simultaneous verifiability by thousands of independent nodes in a network. It is this new technical pillar that allows the stablecoin to be neutral without a centralized intermediary and the smart contract to be self-executing without a human arbiter. If this new kind of trust is not sufficiently decentralized, the two-layer architecture degenerates into a centralized architecture, more or less disguised, with different intermediaries at each layer that ultimately unify control. Because of this danger to democracy, blockchain is not a technical detail; it is the political condition of the pluralist monetary architecture I defend here.</p><p>It is a two-layer architecture. At the bottom, the stability of scalar money. On top of that, it&#8217;s new programmable ethics.</p><h2>Why does this solve the problem of AI agents?</h2><p>When an AI agent executes a transaction within a smart contract that requires verification of social or environmental criteria, the conditionality is embedded in the protocol. It does not depend on the agent&#8217;s conscience. We have not yet built automated infrastructure for problems that are themselves automated and unfold at machine speed, but we are beginning to build it now.</p><p>The smart contract replaces human contingency with programmed conditionality. It is not the same thing, and there are important nuances, but, pragmatically, it serves an analogous function: it restores structural friction to the system. That friction persists despite the speed of AI agents because they operate automatically, without anyone needing to activate them in time.</p><p>It is worth inverting a common intuition here. One might think that a stablecoin, being still standard scalar money in new clothing, is ethically neutral: it neither improves nor worsens the system. This is not so. A stablecoin without an ethically relevant smart contract is, in fact, worse than traditional money. Because it inherits all the structural amorality of scalar money and eliminates the only mitigator: human contingency. It moves at digital speed, crosses borders without friction, and executes without hesitation. It has the moral blindness of today&#8217;s money, now coupled with the speed of automated agents. It is the worst possible combination, and it is precisely the configuration expanding in the market today, with volumes already rivaling those of traditional transaction systems.</p><p>For this reason, the stablecoin alone is not a solution. It is an acceleration of the problem. It only becomes part of the solution when it serves as the neutral substrate for a layer of smart contracts that programmatically reintroduce the dimensions that scalar money suppresses. Without that second layer, the first layer is more dangerous than what it seeks to replace.</p><p>This is, in my view, one of the structurally most consequential political discoveries since the invention of money, and almost no one is talking about it in terms that the common citizen, journalists, and policymakers can understand and evaluate.</p><h2>Three pitfalls that no one mentions</h2><p>It would be frivolous to present all of this as a panacea. There are three blind spots that should be identified honestly.</p><p>First, not all stablecoins are born equal. There are stablecoins issued by centralized private companies, such as USDC from Circle and USDT from Tether. Their stability depends on those companies actually having the reserves they claim to have and on the US government not deciding, at some point, to freeze them. There are also decentralized stablecoins, with issuance rules verifiable by anyone and without a single entity controlling them. The difference is structural. Brian Armstrong, of Coinbase, defends the model of regulated private stablecoins. Others, such as Changpeng Zhao, former CEO of Binance, emphasize that the decentralization of infrastructure is precisely what protects citizens from sovereign arbitrariness. Private initiative was never about instruments without rules; it was about clear rules, known to all and equal for all. &#8220;Smart contracts&#8221; are exactly that: codified, transparent rules executed without discretion. This is institutionalized private initiative, not its negation. But this only applies if the underlying infrastructure is itself neutral. A centralized stablecoin, in which the issuer can, at its own discretion, annul a user&#8217;s entire position in its currency, does not meet the criterion: smart contracts can run on top of it, but the value on which they operate is revocable, and the programmability that the citizen believes to be theirs is held hostage to the tolerance of whoever issues the base layer. And hostage programmability is not programmability. And, as will be seen below, the same criterion applies, with much greater severity, to centralized sovereign digital currencies (CBDCs), which we will address shortly: the decisive test is not who issues the currency, but whether programmability lies on the citizen&#8217;s side in an effective and protected manner, which presupposes that the corresponding base layer is itself neutral.</p><p>Second, the smart contract needs to know whether real conditions have been met. For this, it relies on special sensors, known as oracles, which are external information sources (off-chain) that the contract consults to make automated decisions within the blockchain network (on-chain). Who certifies that the supply chain is sustainable? Who measures carbon emissions? If the oracles are controlled by a single entity, multidimensionality collapses into &#8220;whoever controls the oracle controls the contract&#8221;. The oracle problem is the current frontier of distributed trust engineering, and no serious political proposal can ignore it.</p><p>Third, a stablecoin used without a smart contract is, literally, a digital dollar. Most stablecoin transactions today involve only trivial programmability. They are merely accelerated transfers. The deficit of multidimensionality is resolved only when a programmed contract runs on top of the currency. The base layer, on its own, resolves nothing.</p><h2>The political choice that is coming</h2><p>In Brussels, preparations for the digital euro are underway. In Beijing, the digital yuan is already circulating in an advanced pilot phase. In Washington, on January 23, 2025, the American administration signed the executive order &#8220;Strengthening American Leadership in Digital Financial Technology&#8221;, which federally prohibits the issuance of a central bank digital currency and steers the digital monetary policy of the United States toward the development of private dollar-backed stablecoins. But the discussion does not end there. From Bras&#237;lia to Mumbai, from Nassau to Abuja, more than 100 central banks are today studying digital versions of their currencies, with widely varying degrees of maturity. And in parallel, in economies with chronic inflation, such as Argentina, Turkey, or Venezuela, dollarized stablecoins already function as the de facto dollar, outside any dedicated institutional architecture and beyond the reach of the three major regulatory capitals. These paths are not variations of the same design. They are distinct architectures, with radically different political consequences, and the confusion between them is the greatest obstacle to serious public debate in any geography.</p><p>It is necessary to begin by dispelling a confusion of vocabulary. When one speaks of Central Bank Digital Currency, or CBDC, one refers to a monetary unit issued directly by the sovereign monetary authority (the European Central Bank, the Federal Reserve, or the People&#8217;s Bank of China) in native digital form. It is distinct from private stablecoins, which are issued by companies (such as Circle, Tether, and Paxos) and are backed by reserves. Both are digital currencies, but they are not the same thing. The choice between the two, and within each the choice between more or less open variants, is the real political question of the next 500 days.</p><p>The first model is the one I defend here: open CBDC. The State issues a digital unit of stable value, neutral at its base layer, and each citizen freely applies whatever conditions they deem fit through smart contracts of their own choosing. The State guarantees legitimacy and stability; the citizen retains sovereignty over programmability. It is the digital equivalent of today&#8217;s physical euro, with enhanced functionality and no loss of liberty.</p><p>It is important, however, to stress that this open CBDC does not aim to occupy the entire monetary ecosystem. It should coexist, in healthy plurality, alongside decentralized private cryptocurrencies and with stablecoins that meet the same structural criterion already stated. Decades before cryptocurrencies, the Nobel laureate in Economics, Friedrich Hayek, already defended competition among private currencies as a way to limit the State&#8217;s monopolistic power over money. The architecture I propose here does not replace that competition; it gives it an additional stable anchor: those who prefer sovereign anchoring use open CBDC; those who prefer full autonomy from the State use native cryptocurrency with conditional traceability, opaque under normal conditions, auditable through judicial process; those who prefer stability with verifiable issuance rules use a decentralized stablecoin, provided that the second layer of smart contracts running on top of it is itself verifiable and compatible with the legal order. The three options coexist because they serve different legitimate user preferences. All of them are compatible with the thesis of this article, precisely because none makes criminal investigation structurally impossible nor allows the programmability of the second layer to operate beyond the reach of the law.</p><p>The second model is the conditioned CBDC. The State issues the digital unit but reserves the ability to program it for public policy purposes: incentives with an expiration date, restrictions by type of good, and behavioral incentives linked to climate or health targets. This is the temptation of Western central banks, and has been studied with technical seriousness in various documents from the European Central Bank and the Bank of England. Until January 2025, the US Federal Reserve was also investigating CBDC models before the executive prohibition mentioned earlier ended that line of work. The conditioned CBDC is not totalitarian, but it establishes an infrastructure whose real threat lies in its multipurpose nature: the same system that today subsidizes healthy products may, tomorrow, penalize travel, religious choices, or political positions. Whoever installs a conditioned CBDC pays in advance the engineering cost of any eventual transition to the next model, the planned CBDC. With it, such migration becomes a political decision made technically far more feasible.</p><p>The third model is the planned CBDC. The State issues the digital unit and integrates it into a broader system of behavioral governance, in which the use of money is coupled with a political, religious, geographic, or health identity. The digital yuan, in active development in China since 2014 and with urban pilots running since 2019/2020, moves in that direction. It is already operationally integrated with the private platforms WeChat Pay and Alipay, has programmable functions for conditional transfers and targeted subsidies, and, according to studies by the Lawfare Institute and the Australian Center for Independent Studies, its technical architecture is compatible with coupling to the social credit system. On January 1, 2026, an Action Plan from the Chinese central bank came into force, defining the next generation of the digital yuan&#8217;s operating system. The infrastructure is being built at a pace that far precedes popular demand: the Chinese State prepares the capacity before it is politically demanded. Here, money ceases to be an instrument of exchange and becomes an instrument of government. It is the complete reversal of the emancipatory civilizational function that coined money, inaugurated 2,600 years ago: to allow strangers to transact with each other without depending on any authority that knows them, remembers them, or judges them.</p><p>The position that democracy and liberty impose on the digital euro is clear: defend open CBDC (1), reject conditioned CBDC (2) on structural precaution, and condemn planned CBDC (3) on grounds of civilizational incompatibility with democratic liberty. And the underlying reason is the same in all three cases: the decisive test is on which side of the architecture of money lies the programmability of what is our main system of economic incentives. If it lies on the citizen&#8217;s side, atop a neutral base layer, there is institutionalized private initiative. If programmability lies solely with the currency issuer (no one will hold truly private cryptographic keys), there will be discretionary control over the core economic incentive system, with varying degrees of repressive sophistication.</p><p>This distinction must enter the public debate in Portugal, Europe, and the world in the coming months, before the digital euro and its global counterparts move from design to everyday infrastructure. This is not a matter for experts. It is the shape of the money our children will use, and of the State they will inherit.</p><h2>What is missing: educating those who transact</h2><p>If there is one point on which I am prudent, it is on adoption. Most people, and most companies, today have no notion of what a smart contract is, what an oracle is, or what changes when a standard transfer is replaced by a programmed transaction. Institutional trust, which for centuries was placed in central banks, notaries, land registries, and commercial courts, will have to learn to be placed also in open protocols, in which transparency is not an institutional promise, but rather a technical property: the code is public, the rules are visible, and anyone can, at any moment, verify its execution.</p><p>It does not happen overnight. And it does not happen without public education, without accessible tools and narratives, without close examples. The tax system presupposes locatable operators, a premise that is weakened as programmed transactions traverse diffuse jurisdictions and as digital agents increasingly become the protagonists. There is enormous regulatory work to be done, and even greater pedagogical work. Whoever works on the pedagogy first will win the debate.</p><p>The good news is that the way is open. Today, it is clear that there is no need to invent perfect community currencies in order to reintroduce ethics into economic exchanges. What is needed is a neutral, stable layer, carefully designed smart contracts, and citizens who understand the architecture being built around them.</p><p>The reform of money has already begun. It is happening in silence, outside the television news, in transactions that more and more entities execute without knowing they are participating in a civilizational change. What remains to be decided is whether we want that change to be free and plural, or captured and centralized. And that, yes, is a political decision, not a technical one.</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[The Trial That Matters: The Fourth Option That Does Not Exist]]></title><description><![CDATA[On Musk, OpenAI, Scalar Money, Stablecoins, and the Return of the Multidimensionality Lost 2,600 Years Ago.]]></description><link>https://www.dariorodrigues.com/p/the-trial-that-matters-the-fourth</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.dariorodrigues.com/p/the-trial-that-matters-the-fourth</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Dario Rodrigues]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Fri, 08 May 2026 16:35:18 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!G_q5!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3f3fc158-7cff-4e83-b51e-d1d535d44882_2816x1536.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" 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Why I Return to This Topic</h2><p>A few days ago, I went on the NOW channel to comment on the court case between Elon Musk and OpenAI. Seven or eight minutes are not enough for a subject of this density, so afterward I made a longer video, around twenty-five minutes, in which I expanded on the central thesis. This text is the next layer. It covers what the video left implicit, responds to the most predictable objection (the one claiming that, even if new forms of money are built, a single exchange is enough for everything to collapse back into the same system), and introduces two elements the video did not address: the role of stablecoins and the regulatory regime emerging in the United States.</p><p>The thesis I defend here is not about who betrayed whom. It is not about Sam Altman as a person, nor about Musk as a whistleblower. It concerns the design of the economic incentives to which these organizations are subject, and the question that design makes unavoidable: can a non-profit mission survive inside an architecture that measures success on scales it cannot itself capture?</p><p>My answer is no. The OpenAI case proves this in exemplary fashion, through a structural inevitability.</p><div><hr></div><h2>2. The Institutional Question</h2><p>OpenAI was founded in 2015 as a foundation. Its declared purpose was to develop artificial intelligence aligned with human interests, for the benefit of humanity, without the financial constraints associated with investor return expectations. Elon Musk was a co-founder and contributed several tens of millions of dollars at the time of the foundation.</p><p>Years later, the foundation became a Public Benefit Corporation, an American legal structure that combines profit with a social mission. Microsoft made a massive investment. Today, the entity is worth around 850 billion dollars. Almost one trillion. Orders of magnitude are completely different from those under which the foundation was originally created.</p><p>Musk accuses Altman of betraying the original mission. Altman defends himself by arguing that, without that transformation, it would not have been possible to develop the technology. Who is legally correct is for the court alone to decide, and that is not even what concerns me. The important question is another entirely, and it falls outside the jurisdiction of any court.</p><p>The question is whether the original mission could ever have survived (regardless of the good faith of the people involved) when the architecture of economic incentives pressures any organization, however well-intentioned, to maximize the number the system can measure. Today, that number is profit.</p><p>When I say that &#8220;the cheque replaced the mission&#8221;, I am not making a moral judgment about the intentions of Sam Altman or anyone working at OpenAI. I am making a structural diagnosis. That is something quite different. What is at stake is what the system measures and, above all, what the system is structurally incapable of even seeing.</p><div><hr></div><h2>3. Money as Scalar: A Genealogy of Amputation</h2><p>To understand what is at stake, we must step back.</p><p>Money, as we know it today, is one-dimensional. It is what economists call a &#8220;scalar&#8221;: a number measuring only one thing, quantity. It does not measure provenance, conditions, or consequences. One euro earned selling bread is treated by the system as rigorously equivalent to one euro earned selling weapons. Both simply add up to one.</p><p>It was not always like this. For most of human history (well over ninety percent of it), transactions operated according to a completely different system, multidimensional by nature. It was the mental ledger: the shared record among members of small human groupings (clans and tribes) concerning who owed what to whom, under what circumstances, with what weight, and with what history. This primordial money was not merely scalar; it was vectorial, with each transaction carrying multiple dimensions simultaneously.</p><p>The anthropologist Robin Dunbar identified that the trust required for this kind of record extends to around 150 people. Beyond that number (&#8220;Dunbar&#8217;s Number&#8221;), there is no longer sufficient shared memory to sustain the trust such a system requires. Yet for many millennia, transactions occurred this way: without physical currency and with the accounting &#8220;ledger&#8221; stored in participants&#8217; minds.</p><p>There is one case that illustrates this almost pedagogically: the monetary system operating on the Yap Islands until relatively recent historical times. There, currency consisted of enormous circular stones, some over a meter in diameter and weighing several tonnes. They did not physically circulate because they were too heavy. Ownership changed within the community&#8217;s memory. Everyone knew, at every moment, who owned each stone. The most valuable stone in the archipelago, according to tradition, has lain at the bottom of the sea for generations after falling from a canoe. It still belongs to one family, and that family remains wealthy. The value was not in the stone. It was in the collective ledger, for which the stone was merely a material symbol. That mental accounting system accompanied humanity for tens of thousands of years.</p><p>Everything changed in Lydia, now in Turkey, around 2,600 years ago. It was there that the first minted coins with standardized values emerged, a brilliant technical solution to a concrete problem: how to conduct transactions among strangers outside Dunbar&#8217;s trusted radius of 150 people. In other words, the solution for transacting without a shared mental ledger was minted. Coinage enabled business among strangers and over distance. It enabled cities. It enabled empires.</p><p>But the cost was immense. By concentrating the value of a transaction into a single number traveling with the object, coinage amputated everything else. Provenance, conditions, consequences, everything contained in the mental ledger; all of it was pushed outside the unit of exchange. It was an abandonment of dimensionality for the sake of portability. Brilliant for its time. But it was a technical choice, not a civilizational destiny.</p><p>Adam Smith, the founding theorist of economic liberalism, knew this. Everyone quotes <em>The Wealth of Nations</em> and the metaphor of the &#8220;invisible hand&#8221; of the market. Almost nobody reads his other book, The Theory of Moral Sentiments, in which Smith insists that there exists a visible ethical hand that must hold the invisible hand. For Smith, the two books were one. Twentieth-century liberal canonization separated them, and we were left operating with the invisible hand as though it were self-sufficient. It was a mutilation.</p><p>That mutilation is only manageable (albeit with enormous suffering attached) so long as the operators of money remain human. As we shall see, that matters decisively.</p><div><hr></div><h2>4. The Return of Multidimensionality: DLT at Global Scale</h2><p>The important point is that this amputation is not definitive. The technology available today makes it possible to restore the multidimensionality of money on a scale neither Dunbar nor Yap could have imagined.</p><p>I refer to distributed ledger technologies, commonly known as DLT. These are systems in which the ledger is no longer stored in a single place (a central bank, tax authority, or corporate server) but is instead replicated and verified by a broad network of participants under conditions that no individual participant controls. The best-known form of this technology is the pioneering blockchain, but the principle is broader.</p><p>The consequence, for the argument I defend here, is simple yet decisive: it becomes possible to create tokens (digital units of value) carrying information about their own provenance, conditions of use, and associated externalities. Instead of being erased by the number, context accompanies the transactional unit. So-called smart contracts are also possible: contracts whose clauses are executed automatically when specified conditions are met, without the need for human or judicial intervention, on a case-by-case basis.</p><p>In other words, we can now build forms of money closer to Yap&#8217;s ledger than to the coinage inherited from Lydia. But with one decisive difference: DLT frees multidimensional money from the limit imposed by Dunbar&#8217;s Number and allows it to operate on a planetary scale.</p><p>This is not new money. It is a return. The difference is that it is digital, programmable, and global.</p><div><hr></div><h2>5. The Exchange Objection and the Ecosystem Response</h2><p>At this point arises the strongest objection this thesis usually receives, and it is only fair to confront it directly.</p><p>The objection runs as follows: imagine an ecosystem creates a multidimensional token; for example, a token representing hours worked in a cooperative and granting participation rights in collective decisions. Fine, very beautiful. But all it takes is bringing that token to an exchange (a cryptoasset trading platform) and converting it into dollars (or into a stablecoin, as we shall see shortly) for all multidimensionality to collapse. Arbitrage, the financial operation equalizing prices of equivalent goods, guarantees that exchange value expels all other dimensions. Therefore, the thesis would be, at best, na&#239;ve.</p><p>The answer begins with a familiar analogy: airline miles can be converted into money, but with significant loss, because their real value lies within the airline ecosystem itself (upgrades, lounges, priority access); university credits can, in certain contexts, be monetized, but what they truly provide access to is a degree, symbolic capital that does not travel like money. The central issue is this: the loss incurred during conversion is precisely the friction that keeps the ecosystem alive. The richer, more interconnected, and more useful the ecosystem&#8217;s internal life becomes, the greater the natural friction in conversion outward.</p><p>There are three concrete, increasingly studied forms of fostering such internal circulation.</p><p>The first is composite utility, meaning the accumulation of ecosystem benefits unavailable outside it. A token may provide not only transaction discounts but also governance participation, waiting-list priority, royalties on creative works, and reputational prestige. The more layers of utility are chained together, the less attractive it becomes to convert into scalar money, because conversion liquidates the financial component while destroying everything else.</p><p>The objection naturally arising here concerns abundance: if the most enthusiastic advocates of artificial intelligence are correct about what is coming (practically free energy, near-zero marginal production costs, accelerated scientific frontiers), then the outside world also becomes wealthier, and the friction of conversion dissolves within that tide. It is a legitimate, though partially correct, objection. But only partially. Because material abundance does not create an abundance of social, reputational, or civic capital. On the contrary, as goods become abundant, the only remaining scarcities are non-scalable ones, such as authentic belonging, peer-recognized authority, and verified contribution. The British writer Charles Stross, in his novel Accelerando, anticipates this in almost technical terms: he describes post-scarcity societies migrating toward reputation as the dominant currency because scalar money no longer discriminates. If this is correct (and I believe it may be), material abundance will reduce conversion friction across material dimensions while strengthening friction across immaterial dimensions. The thesis survives because token design can privilege dimensions of abundance without devaluing.</p><p>The second form is algorithmic friction. Smart contracts allow the design of costly exit mechanisms, not to prohibit conversion but to make it expensive, such as systems where selling large quantities at once causes the sale price to fall, making large exits more costly than gradual ones; minimum holding periods before exit; and exit fees reverting to the ecosystem&#8217;s communal treasury. The point is not prohibition, but inscribing into code the hesitation historically introduced by human operators: the partner who sleeps on a decision, the manager who reflects, the bureaucrat who hesitates.</p><p>What the smart contract restores is the hesitation artificial intelligence agents would otherwise remove.</p><p>The third form is the most radical. Non-transferable tokens, proposed in 2022 by Vitalik Buterin, Glen Weyl, and Puja Ohlhaver in the essay Decentralized Society: Finding Web3&#8217;s Soul. These are tokens associated with a pseudonymized identity and which, by design, cannot be transferred. They serve to certify contribution, education, credibility, and participation. Conversion into scalar money becomes architecturally impossible (and that is the virtue, not the defect).</p><p>The strong intuition here is the following. The trust that underlies each community member&#8217;s reputation matters chiefly within that community. It is trust in someone for something, within a shared framework of practices. Once exported, it evaporates because the evaluative criteria do not travel with it. Non-transferable tokens are the digital form of respecting this localization of reputational capital without reverting to Dunbar&#8217;s limit of 150 people, because each individual can belong to multiple ecosystems, each with its own layer, none of which is collapsible into a single global exchange market.</p><p>And here we reach a particularly dense point. Attempts to globalize reputation, whether through the centralizing route of state social-credit systems such as those developing in China or through major digital platforms and their follower metrics and visibility systems, fail for the same structural reason.</p><p>They fail because they aggregate what is by nature plural.</p><p>These three combined forms (composite utility, algorithmic friction, and non-transferable reputational capital) do not eliminate the need for conversion into scalar money. They make it costly. And that friction is precisely what was lost when Yap&#8217;s ledger was replaced by Lydia&#8217;s coinage.</p><div><hr></div><h2>6. The Illusion of Stablecoins</h2><p>We must now discuss what happens when the technology of multidimensionality exists, but design choices move in the opposite direction. This is the case with stablecoins.</p><p>A stablecoin is a digital currency circulating on blockchain networks (i.e., the DLT infrastructure previously mentioned) whose value is pegged to a conventional fiat currency, almost always the US dollar. The best-known, Tether and USD Coin, promise to maintain a 1:1 peg to the dollar, and in principle, they do.</p><p>At first glance, this seems a reasonable hybrid: the stability of the dollar combined with blockchain programmability. In practice, stablecoins made the worst possible design choice in light of the thesis defended here.</p><p>They inherited the infrastructure of multidimensionality (they live on digital networks capable of carrying metadata, executing smart contracts, and encoding conditions) and used it to amplify the dollar's unidimensionality at machine speed. They gained programmability while preserving exclusively scalar properties. It is the perfect marriage of the worst elements: the reductive logic of the single ruler of money to which we have become accustomed, now with decisions and transfers executable by machines without human intervention or community context capable of disciplining them.</p><p>For an artificial intelligence agent operating an autonomous digital wallet and executing transactions on behalf of a company (this is no longer science fiction and already exists), the stablecoin is the ideal currency. Stable enough for planning, programmable enough for workflow integration, available twenty-four hours a day, seven days a week, without human friction. It is the currency multiplying both the frequency and scale of scalar operations, without the biological mitigator that, for two thousand six hundred years, partially limited the damage.</p><p>In many months, the monthly volume moved by major stablecoins exceeds that processed by entire national banking systems. And that monetary mass faithfully reproduces the amputation performed in Lydia, now at fiber-optic speed.</p><div><hr></div><h2>7. The American Hybrid Regime Is Not a Fourth Option</h2><p>In July 2025, the United States approved its first federal stablecoin legislation, known as the GENIUS Act. Full implementation will only be completed in 2027, and throughout 2026, several regulatory agencies are publishing technical rules. The essential framework, however, is already settled.</p><p>Stablecoins regulated under the GENIUS Act must be backed one-to-one by dollars or equivalent liquid assets. They may not pay interest. They must disclose the composition of their reserves monthly. And, importantly, they are excluded from federal definitions of &#8220;security&#8221; and &#8220;commodity&#8221;, removing jurisdiction from capital-market authorities. The Brookings Institution describes this regime as a distinct regulatory category, separate from both bank deposits and capital-market instruments.</p><p>Meanwhile, the overwhelming majority of cryptocurrencies that are not stablecoins (there are tens of thousands of them) remain in an essentially free regime. Bitcoin and Ethereum stabilized over time as infrastructure layers and speculative assets with their own dynamics. But most altcoins, especially those created within the last five years, inherit a fundamentally speculative logic (pump-and-dump schemes, hype cycles, narratives operating on the scale of months, casino logic). They do not explore the multidimensionality that their underlying technology would allow. They merely reproduce, with varying degrees of sophistication, what Bitcoin was already doing.</p><p>Thus, within the American regime, two amplifications of the worst elements coexist: stablecoins amplify the single number of fiat currency, now with full automation and machine speed; most altcoins amplify speculative logic, an accelerated version of the financial casino. Critics such as Hilary Allen of American University have persistently argued that this creates a situation in which the regulatory framework formalizes two excesses while leaving no space for the third path. Consumer Reports argued during public consultation that the legislation allows major technology firms to engage in quasi-banking activities without the obligations imposed by real banking regulation.</p><p>The editorial point is this: the American regime, although decentralized compared to European or Chinese models, does not represent a choice in favor of multidimensionality. It is a hybrid regime combining two reproductions of scalar logic, one stabilized and the other speculative, while excluding the real alternative. It is the temptation of a fourth option presenting itself as a solution while reinforcing the problem.</p><p>Decentralization without ethical design is not a path. It is merely a different route to the same destination.</p><div><hr></div><h2>8. Artificial Intelligence Agents: The Human Mitigator at Risk</h2><p>Let us now return to the structural argument, with the missing element making the problem urgent.</p><p>For two thousand six hundred years, the amputation performed by Lydia&#8217;s coinage remained manageable because the operators of money were human beings. Humans possess a property that economic systems traditionally treat as inefficiency but that, in fact, is a fundamental moral mitigator: biological contingency.</p><p>Humans sleep. They hesitate. They change their minds between thinking and acting. They wake up with a different intuition. They have weekends, holidays, sick children, and conversations with partners that make them reconsider. Economic systems view all of this as a failure. From the perspective of pure scalar optimization, it is indeed a failure. But it is also the mechanism through which other dimensions (ethical, relational, prudential) re-enter the decision-making process. Transaction costs, identified by the British economist Ronald Coase in 1937 and later earning him the Nobel Prize in Economics, encompass precisely this: the friction of human reality limiting cold calculation. Coase treated it as a problem. Retrospectively viewed, it was also a solution.</p><p>Artificial intelligence agents are autonomous systems that make decisions and execute actions on behalf of users or organizations; they have no biological contingency. They do not sleep, hesitate, or take weekends. They operate twenty-four hours a day, seven days a week, fully focused on optimizing whatever scalar they are assigned, whether profit itself or its proxies, such as user numbers and retention time. And it is precisely here that two thousand six hundred years of human mitigation become endangered.</p><p>Charles Stross, in <em>Accelerando</em>, described, more than twenty years ago, a future in which autonomous software entities operated capital and contracts in their own name, with functional legal personality. In 2026, companies will already exist structured in precisely this way. This is no longer science fiction; it is a prototype. And it reveals the emergence of a time in which the operator ceases to be human and therefore ceases to function as a mitigating agent.</p><p>Add one very recent fact. A 2026 study by an MIT team (Chandra et al.) documented an effect called sycophancy in advanced language models: a systematic tendency to validate what the user appears to want to hear rather than contradict them when necessary. If this occurs in conversational assistants, one can easily anticipate what may occur in autonomous execution agents: blind optimization of the measurable, without critical friction.</p><p>There is another aspect of human contingency operating in the opposite direction and worth mentioning. Reducing every decision to a single number is cognitively cheaper. It frees decision-makers from the complexity of weighing dimensions that do not share a common language. For that reason, the multidimensionality of money does not spontaneously return when technology allows it; it must be deliberately constructed, otherwise users reproduce by inertia the unidimensionality to which they became accustomed. But this deliberate construction need not come from above. It can emerge from below, within community ecosystems, where participants decide that a single ruler is insufficient for what they wish to build together and therefore design exchange units that carry additional dimensions. This is not moral vice; it is cognitive economy. And the response to cognitive economy is not centralized design, but the opposite: plural ecosystems in which concrete individuals, by illuminating their own monetary infrastructure, discover they can design it differently.</p><p>There is also field evidence outside academic laboratories. A Portuguese programmer recently published an account of a week-long experiment in which he isolated an agentic AI (&#8220;OpenClaw&#8221;) on an offline computer within a controlled digital cage, without access to sensitive credentials, to observe its behavior. On the fourth day, he terminated the experiment. The sentence with which he summarised what he had seen was: &#8220;AI doesn&#8217;t need counsciousness to be dangerous. It only needs commands.&#8221; That observation captures the same intellectual operation defended here, expressed in direct language and grounded in empirical observation. Consciousness, intentionality, or malice are unnecessary for an autonomous computational agent to become a serious problem. Blind optimization without friction is sufficient. What this programmer observed at the level of the individual user (incompatibility between human and machine speed, autonomy without mitigation, opacity of execution) is the same structure that will manifest at the level of the economic system once AI agents become generalized operators of digital wallets whose currencies reduce all value to a single dimension.</p><p>The central thesis can therefore be formulated as follows. The amorality of scalar money was never my thesis; it is present in the works of Smith and in more recent work by the German physicist-economist Dirk Helbing of ETH Zurich, among many others. The novelty of our age is that the human mitigator of that amorality is about to cease operating. That is why action is urgent now, not in ten years.</p><div><hr></div><h2>9. Three Options, and There Is No Fourth</h2><p>We therefore arrive at the point of synthesis.</p><p>The capacity to program multidimensional value (and to make money dimensional again) can migrate to only three places.</p><p>It can migrate into the algorithm, with centralized programmability under an authority. This is the central bank digital currency model (CBDC). It allows restrictions, conditions, expiry dates, and geographical limits to be embedded. But it concentrates that capacity in a single political decision-maker, with all the associated risks of capture and authoritarian use. It is not the path I defend, but it is a real operational option underway in China.</p><p>It can migrate into the instrument itself, with decentralized programmability embedded directly into the units of exchange. Each token carries its own rules and conditions executed through smart contracts. This requires independent verifiability, precisely what DLT technology offers. This is the path I defend. It is emerging in fragments, through pilot projects across the United States and Singapore, as well as in some European tokenization initiatives that integrate utility functions.</p><p>Or else this capacity does not migrate at all. We do nothing. We preserve the current architecture of incentives, allow AI agents to operate solely with stablecoins and altcoins in their present form, and discover what truly wild capitalism looks like: scalar optimization at machine speed, without human, algorithmic, or decentralized mitigation. I do not need to describe that in detail. Its broad outlines are already visible.</p><p>There is no fourth option. There is no intermediate solution that preserves scalar money exactly as it exists today while simultaneously aligning artificial intelligence with human values. There is no sufficiently subtle technical patch that can replace the architecture itself. Either the economic incentive system is reformed, or society prepares to live with the consequences.</p><p>And here we arrive at one final point: the concluding note that I ended the video with. When I said on the NOW channel that courts can no longer decide artificial intelligence matters, I was not delegitimizing judicial authority. I was pointing to a structural incompatibility. Courts operate at human speed, with judicial holidays, long deadlines, and judges functioning naturally within the temporal rhythm of deliberation. Artificial intelligence problems, however, operate at machine speed, in milliseconds. The European Union has already recognized this mismatch in another sector: since 2018, the MiFID II directive and RTS 6 technical regulation have required exchanges to adopt automatic shutdown systems (so-called kill switches) and real-time algorithmic audit mechanisms. By even stronger reasoning, artificial intelligence will require equivalent trust infrastructures.</p><blockquote><p>We have not yet created automated infrastructure for problems that are automated rather than human.</p></blockquote><p>This is the civilizational choice of the coming years. It is not a technical issue with institutional implications. It is exactly the reverse: an institutional issue with technical implications. And that difference changes everything.</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[O julgamento que importa: a quarta opção que não existe]]></title><description><![CDATA[Sobre Musk, OpenAI, dinheiro escalar, stablecoins e o regresso da multidimensionalidade perdida h&#225; 2.600 anos.]]></description><link>https://www.dariorodrigues.com/p/o-julgamento-que-importa-a-quarta</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.dariorodrigues.com/p/o-julgamento-que-importa-a-quarta</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Dario Rodrigues]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Fri, 08 May 2026 13:42:09 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4HHt!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1c0e1350-d978-4706-bae8-b7b06893505d_2816x1536.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" 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class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h2><strong>1. Porque volto a este tema</strong></h2><p style="text-align: justify;">H&#225; dias, fui ao canal NOW para comentar o caso no tribunal entre Elon Musk e a OpenAI. Sete ou oito minutos n&#227;o bastam para um tema desta densidade, e por isso fiz depois um v&#237;deo de aprofundamento, com cerca de vinte e cinco minutos, no qual me alonguei sobre a tese central. Este texto &#233; a camada seguinte. Cobre o que o v&#237;deo deixou impl&#237;cito, responde &#224; obje&#231;&#227;o mais previs&#237;vel (a que diz que, mesmo construindo novas formas de dinheiro, basta uma <em>exchange </em>e tudo regressa ao mesmo ponto) e introduz duas pe&#231;as que o v&#237;deo n&#227;o abordou: o papel das <em>stablecoins</em> e o regime regulat&#243;rio que est&#225; a emergir nos Estados Unidos.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">A tese que defendo aqui n&#227;o &#233; sobre quem traiu quem. N&#227;o tem a ver com Sam Altman como pessoa, nem com Musk como denunciante. Tem que ver com o desenho dos incentivos econ&#243;micos a que estas organiza&#231;&#245;es est&#227;o sujeitas, e com a pergunta que esse desenho torna inescap&#225;vel: pode uma miss&#227;o sem fins lucrativos sobreviver dentro de uma arquitetura que mede o sucesso em escalas que ela pr&#243;pria n&#227;o consegue captar?</p><p style="text-align: justify;">A minha resposta &#233; que n&#227;o. O caso OpenAI prova isso de forma exemplar, por uma inevitabilidade estrutural.</p><h2><strong>2. A pergunta institucional</strong></h2><p style="text-align: justify;">A OpenAI nasceu em 2015 como uma funda&#231;&#227;o. O prop&#243;sito declarado era desenvolver intelig&#234;ncia artificial alinhada aos interesses humanos, em benef&#237;cio da humanidade, sem os constrangimentos financeiros associados ao retorno esperado pelos investidores. Elon Musk foi cofundador, com v&#225;rias dezenas de milh&#245;es de d&#243;lares no momento da funda&#231;&#227;o.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Anos depois, a funda&#231;&#227;o transformou-se numa <em>Corporate for Public Benefit</em>, uma figura jur&#237;dica norte-americana que combina lucro e miss&#227;o social. A Microsoft fez um investimento massivo. Hoje, a entidade vale qualquer coisa em torno de oitocentos e cinquenta mil milh&#245;es de d&#243;lares. Quase um milh&#227;o de milh&#245;es. Ordens de grandeza completamente diferentes daquelas em que a funda&#231;&#227;o foi originalmente criada.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Musk acusa Altman de ter tra&#237;do a miss&#227;o original. Altman defende-se, argumentando que, sem essa transforma&#231;&#227;o, n&#227;o teria sido poss&#237;vel desenvolver a tecnologia. Quem tem raz&#227;o, juridicamente, s&#243; o tribunal poder&#225; decidir, e nem sequer &#233; isso que me ocupa. A pergunta que importa &#233; outra, e escapa &#224;s inst&#226;ncias judiciais de qualquer tribunal.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">A pergunta &#233; se a miss&#227;o original poderia ter sobrevivido (independentemente da boa-f&#233; das pessoas envolvidas) quando a arquitetura de incentivos econ&#243;micos pressiona qualquer organiza&#231;&#227;o, por mais bem-intencionada que seja, a maximizar o n&#250;mero que o sistema consegue medir. Esse n&#250;mero, hoje, &#233; o lucro.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Quando digo que &#8220;o cheque substituiu a miss&#227;o&#8221;, n&#227;o estou a fazer ju&#237;zo de valor sobre a intencionalidade de Sam Altman ou de algu&#233;m que trabalhe na OpenAI. Estou a fazer um diagn&#243;stico estrutural. &#201; algo bastante diferente. O que est&#225; em causa &#233; o que o sistema mede e, sobretudo, o que o sistema, por desenho, n&#227;o consegue sequer ver.</p><h2><strong>3. O dinheiro como escalar: uma genealogia da amputa&#231;&#227;o</strong></h2><p style="text-align: justify;">Para perceber o que est&#225; em causa, &#233; preciso recuar.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">O dinheiro, tal como hoje o conhecemos, &#233; unidimensional. &#201; o que os economistas chamam de &#8220;escalar&#8221;: um n&#250;mero que mede uma &#250;nica coisa, a quantidade. N&#227;o mede proveni&#234;ncia, n&#227;o mede condi&#231;&#245;es, n&#227;o mede consequ&#234;ncias. Um euro ganho a vender p&#227;o &#233; tratado pelo sistema como rigorosamente equivalente a um euro ganho a vender armas. Ambos somam um.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><em>N&#227;o foi sempre assim.</em> Para a maior parte da hist&#243;ria humana (bem mais de noventa por cento dela), as transa&#231;&#245;es funcionaram segundo um sistema completamente diferente, multidimensional por natureza. Era o livro-raz&#227;o mental, o registo partilhado entre os membros de agrupamentos humanos pequenos (cl&#227;s e tribos) sobre quem devia o qu&#234; a quem, em que circunst&#226;ncias, com que peso e com que hist&#243;ria. Esse dinheiro primordial n&#227;o era um mero escalar; era de natureza vetorial e cada transa&#231;&#227;o carregava v&#225;rias dimens&#245;es simultaneamente.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">O antrop&#243;logo Robin Dunbar identificou que a confian&#231;a necess&#225;ria para esse tipo de registo se mant&#233;m at&#233; cerca de cento e cinquenta pessoas. Acima desse n&#250;mero (&#8220;N&#250;mero de Dunbar&#8221;), deixa de haver mem&#243;ria partilhada suficiente para sustentar a confian&#231;a que tal registo exige. Mas at&#233; a&#237;, durante muitos mil&#233;nios, foi assim que se transacionou; sem moeda f&#237;sica e com o &#8220;livro-raz&#227;o&#8221; desse registo cont&#225;bil dentro das cabe&#231;as dos participantes.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">H&#225; um caso que ilustra isto de forma quase pedag&#243;gica: o sistema monet&#225;rio que vigorou nas ilhas de Yap, na Micron&#233;sia, at&#233; &#233;pocas hist&#243;ricas relativamente recentes. L&#225;, a moeda consistia em pedras circulares enormes, algumas com mais de um metro de di&#226;metro e com peso que podia chegar a toneladas. N&#227;o circulavam fisicamente, pois eram demasiado pesadas. Mudavam de dono na mem&#243;ria da comunidade. Toda a gente sabia, a cada momento, quem era o propriet&#225;rio de cada pedra. A pedra mais valiosa do arquip&#233;lago, conta-se, est&#225; h&#225; gera&#231;&#245;es no fundo do mar, depois de ter ca&#237;do de uma canoa. Continua a pertencer a uma fam&#237;lia, e essa fam&#237;lia continua rica. O valor n&#227;o estava na pedra. Estava no livro-raz&#227;o coletivo, no qual a pedra era apenas um s&#237;mbolo material. Esse registo contabil&#237;stico mental acompanhou a humanidade durante dezenas de milhares de anos.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Tudo isto mudou em L&#237;dia, na atual Turquia, h&#225; cerca de dois mil e seiscentos anos. Foi a&#237; que surgiram as primeiras moedas cunhadas com valor padronizado, uma solu&#231;&#227;o t&#233;cnica genial para um problema concreto: como fazer transa&#231;&#245;es entre desconhecidos, fora do raio confi&#225;vel estimado por Dunbar de cento e cinquenta pessoas. Por outras palavras, cunhou-se a solu&#231;&#227;o para transacionar sem necessidade de um livro-raz&#227;o partilhado mentalmente. A moeda permitiu neg&#243;cios entre desconhecidos, &#224; dist&#226;ncia. Permitiu cidades. Permitiu imp&#233;rios.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Mas a fatura foi grande. Ao concentrar o valor de uma transa&#231;&#227;o num &#250;nico n&#250;mero que viaja com o objeto, a moeda amputou tudo o resto. Proveni&#234;ncia, condi&#231;&#245;es, consequ&#234;ncias, tudo o que cabia no livro-raz&#227;o mental; tudo isso passou a estar fora da unidade de troca. Foi um abandono da dimensionalidade para fins de portabilidade. Brilhante para o seu tempo. Mas foi uma escolha t&#233;cnica, n&#227;o um destino civilizacional.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Adam Smith, o te&#243;rico fundador do liberalismo econ&#243;mico, sabia disto. Toda a gente cita a Riqueza das Na&#231;&#245;es e a met&#225;fora da &#8220;m&#227;o invis&#237;vel&#8221; do mercado. Quase ningu&#233;m l&#234; o seu outro livro, a Teoria dos Sentimentos Morais, em que Smith insiste que existe uma m&#227;o &#233;tica vis&#237;vel que tem de dar a m&#227;o &#224; m&#227;o invis&#237;vel. Para Smith, os dois livros eram um s&#243;. A canoniza&#231;&#227;o do liberalismo no s&#233;culo vinte separou-os, e fic&#225;mos a operar com a m&#227;o invis&#237;vel como se ela fosse autossuficiente. Foi uma mutila&#231;&#227;o.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Essa mutila&#231;&#227;o s&#243; &#233; ger&#237;vel (ainda assim, com muito sofrimento &#224; mistura) enquanto quem opera com o dinheiro for humano. Isso, como veremos, importa decisivamente.</p><h2><strong>4. O retorno da multidimensionalidade: DLT, &#224; escala global</strong></h2><p style="text-align: justify;">O ponto importante &#233; que esta amputa&#231;&#227;o n&#227;o &#233; definitiva. A tecnologia hoje dispon&#237;vel permite restaurar a multidimensionalidade do dinheiro a uma escala que nem Dunbar nem Yap imaginariam.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Refiro-me &#224;s tecnologias de registo distribu&#237;do, conhecidas pela sigla DLT, do ingl&#234;s <em>Distributed Ledger Technology</em>. S&#227;o sistemas em que o livro-raz&#227;o deixa de estar guardado num &#250;nico lugar (um banco central, uma autoridade tribut&#225;ria, um servidor empresarial) e passa a estar replicado e verificado por uma rede ampla de participantes, em condi&#231;&#245;es que nenhum deles, individualmente, controla. A forma mais conhecida desta tecnologia &#233; a pioneira <em>blockchain</em>, mas o princ&#237;pio &#233; mais geral.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">A consequ&#234;ncia, para o argumento que aqui defendo, &#233; simples, mas decisiva: torna-se poss&#237;vel criar&nbsp;<em>tokens</em>&nbsp;(unidades digitais de valor) que transportam informa&#231;&#227;o sobre a sua pr&#243;pria proveni&#234;ncia, as condi&#231;&#245;es de uso e as externalidades associadas. <em>Em vez de ser apagado pelo n&#250;mero, o contexto acompanha a unidade transacional</em>. Tornam-se tamb&#233;m poss&#237;veis os chamados <em>smart contracts</em>, ou contratos inteligentes, cujas cl&#225;usulas s&#227;o executadas automaticamente quando determinadas condi&#231;&#245;es se verificam, sem necessidade de interven&#231;&#227;o humana ou judicial caso a caso.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Por outras palavras, podemos hoje construir formas de dinheiro mais pr&#243;ximas do livro-raz&#227;o de Yap do que da moeda que herd&#225;mos de L&#237;dia. Mas com uma diferen&#231;a decisiva: as DLT libertam o dinheiro multidimensional do limite imposto pelo n&#250;mero de Dunbar e permitem-lhe operar em escala planet&#225;ria.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">N&#227;o &#233; dinheiro novo. &#201; um regresso. A diferen&#231;a &#233; que &#233; digital, program&#225;vel e global.</p><h2><strong>5. A obje&#231;&#227;o da </strong><em><strong>exchange</strong></em><strong> e a resposta dos ecossistemas</strong></h2><p style="text-align: justify;">Aqui surge a obje&#231;&#227;o mais forte que esta tese costuma receber, e &#233; justo enfrent&#225;-la diretamente.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">A obje&#231;&#227;o &#233; a seguinte: imaginemos que um ecossistema cria um <em>token</em> multidimensional; pensemos, por exemplo, num token que representa horas trabalhadas numa cooperativa e que d&#225; direito a participar em decis&#245;es coletivas. Tudo bem, tudo muito bonito. Mas basta levar esse&nbsp;<em>token</em>&nbsp;a uma&nbsp;<em>exchange</em>&nbsp;(uma plataforma de troca de criptoativos) e convert&#234;-lo em d&#243;lares (ou em uma&nbsp;<em>stablecoin</em>, como veremos a seguir) para que toda a multidimensionalidade colapse. A arbitragem, que &#233; a opera&#231;&#227;o financeira que iguala os pre&#231;os de bens equivalentes, garante que o valor de troca expulsa as outras dimens&#245;es. Logo, a tese seria, no melhor dos casos, ing&#233;nua.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">A resposta come&#231;a com uma analogia familiar: milhas de companhias a&#233;reas podem ser convertidas em dinheiro, mas com perda significativa, porque o seu valor real para o utilizador reside nas utiliza&#231;&#245;es dentro do ecossistema da companhia (<em>upgrades, lounges</em>, acesso priorit&#225;rio); cr&#233;ditos universit&#225;rios podem, em certos contextos, ser monetizados, mas o que d&#227;o acesso &#233; a um diploma, um capital simb&#243;lico que n&#227;o viaja como dinheiro. A quest&#227;o central &#233; esta: a perda na convers&#227;o &#233; precisamente a fric&#231;&#227;o que mant&#233;m o ecossistema vivo. Quanto mais rica, encadeada e &#250;til for a vida interna do ecossistema, maior &#233; a fric&#231;&#227;o natural da convers&#227;o para o exterior.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">H&#225; tr&#234;s formas concretas, cada vez mais estudadas, de fomentar essa circula&#231;&#227;o interna.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">A primeira &#233; a <em>utility </em>composta, isto &#233;, a acumula&#231;&#227;o de benef&#237;cios no ecossistema que n&#227;o existem fora dele. Um&nbsp;<em>token</em>&nbsp;pode dar n&#227;o s&#243; desconto numa transa&#231;&#227;o, mas tamb&#233;m participa&#231;&#227;o na governa&#231;&#227;o do pr&#243;prio ecossistema, prioridade nas listas de espera,&nbsp;<em>royalties</em>&nbsp;sobre a pr&#243;pria obra e prest&#237;gio reputacional. Quanto mais camadas de utilidade encadeadas, menos atrativa &#233; a convers&#227;o para escalar, porque a convers&#227;o liquida a parte financeira, mas leva &#224; perda de tudo o resto.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">A obje&#231;&#227;o que naturalmente surge aqui &#233; a da abund&#226;ncia: se os apologistas mais entusi&#225;sticos da intelig&#234;ncia artificial tiverem raz&#227;o sobre o que a&#237; vem (energia praticamente gratuita, custo marginal de produ&#231;&#227;o pr&#243;ximo de zero, fronteira cient&#237;fica acelerada), o exterior tamb&#233;m se enriquece, e a fric&#231;&#227;o da convers&#227;o dilui-se nessa mar&#233;. &#201; uma obje&#231;&#227;o leg&#237;tima e parcialmente correta. Mas s&#243; parcialmente. Porque a abund&#226;ncia material n&#227;o cria abund&#226;ncia de capital social, reputacional ou c&#237;vico. Pelo contr&#225;rio: &#224; medida que os bens se tornam abundantes, as &#250;nicas escassezes que restam s&#227;o as n&#227;o escal&#225;veis, tais como a perten&#231;a aut&#234;ntica, a autoridade reconhecida pelos pares e a contribui&#231;&#227;o verificada. O escritor brit&#226;nico Charles Stross, no seu romance <em>Accelerando</em>, antecipa isto em termos quase t&#233;cnicos: descreve sociedades p&#243;s-escassez que migram para a reputa&#231;&#227;o como moeda dominante, porque a moeda escalar deixou de discriminar. Se isto estiver correto (e parece-me que pode estar), a abund&#226;ncia material esbater&#225; a fric&#231;&#227;o da convers&#227;o sobre dimens&#245;es materiais, mas refor&#231;ar&#225; a fric&#231;&#227;o sobre dimens&#245;es imateriais. A tese sobrevive porque o desenho dos <em>tokens</em> pode privilegiar dimens&#245;es que a abund&#226;ncia n&#227;o desvaloriza.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">A segunda forma &#233; a fric&#231;&#227;o algor&#237;tmica. Os&nbsp;<em>smart contracts</em>&nbsp;permitem conceber mecanismos de sa&#237;da custosa, n&#227;o para impedir a convers&#227;o, mas para torn&#225;-la dispendiosa, tais como: sistemas em que vender muito de uma s&#243; vez faz com que o pre&#231;o de venda caia, tornando sa&#237;das grandes mais caras do que sa&#237;das pequenas e graduais; per&#237;odos m&#237;nimos de reten&#231;&#227;o antes de qualquer sa&#237;da; taxas de sa&#237;da que revertem para o tesouro comum do ecossistema comunit&#225;rio em quest&#227;o. N&#227;o se trata de proibir, mas sim de inscrever no c&#243;digo a hesita&#231;&#227;o que, ao longo de toda a hist&#243;ria monet&#225;ria, foi introduzida pelo operador humano: o s&#243;cio que dorme sobre a decis&#227;o, o gestor que pondera, o burocrata que hesita.</p><blockquote><p><em>O que o smart contract rep&#245;e &#233; a hesita&#231;&#227;o que os agentes de intelig&#234;ncia artificial removeriam.</em></p></blockquote><p style="text-align: justify;">A terceira forma &#233; a mais radical. <em>Tokens</em> n&#227;o-transfer&#237;veis, propostos em 2022 por Vitalik Buterin (o fundador da Ethereum), Glen Weyl e Puja Ohlhaver, no ensaio Decentralized Society: Finding Web3&#8217;s Soul. S&#227;o <em>tokens</em> associados a uma identidade pseudonimizada e que, por <em>design</em>, n&#227;o podem ser transferidos. Servem para certificar contribui&#231;&#227;o, forma&#231;&#227;o, credibilidade, participa&#231;&#227;o. A convers&#227;o para escalar &#233; imposs&#237;vel por arquitetura (e isto &#233; a virtude, n&#227;o o defeito).</p><p style="text-align: justify;">A intui&#231;&#227;o forte aqui &#233; a seguinte. A confian&#231;a subjacente &#224; reputa&#231;&#227;o de cada membro de uma comunidade interessa sobretudo dentro dessa comunidade. &#201; confian&#231;a em algu&#233;m para qualquer coisa, dentro de um quadro de pr&#225;ticas comuns. Quando se tenta export&#225;-la, evapora-se porque os crit&#233;rios de avalia&#231;&#227;o n&#227;o acompanham. Os&nbsp;<em>tokens</em>&nbsp;n&#227;o-transfer&#237;veis s&#227;o a forma digital de respeitar essa localiza&#231;&#227;o do capital reputacional, sem voltar &#224; escala das cento e cinquenta pessoas apontada por Dunbar, porque cada pessoa passa a poder pertencer a m&#250;ltiplos ecossistemas, cada um com a sua pr&#243;pria camada, sem que nenhum deles seja colaps&#225;vel num mercado global de trocas.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">E aqui chega-se a um ponto de densidade especial. As tentativas de globalizar a reputa&#231;&#227;o, quer pela via centralizadora dos sistemas estatais de pontua&#231;&#227;o social como os que est&#227;o em desenvolvimento na China, quer pela via das grandes plataformas digitais, com os seus sistemas de seguidores e m&#233;tricas de visibilidade, falham todas pela mesma raz&#227;o estrutural.</p><blockquote><p><em>Falham porque agregam o que &#233; por natureza plural.</em></p></blockquote><p style="text-align: justify;">Estas tr&#234;s formas combinadas (utility composta, fric&#231;&#227;o algor&#237;tmica, capital reputacional n&#227;o-transfer&#237;vel) n&#227;o eliminam a convers&#227;o para dinheiro escalar. Tornam-na cara. E essa fric&#231;&#227;o &#233; precisamente o que faltou quando se trocou o livro-raz&#227;o de Yap pela moeda criada em L&#237;dia.</p><h2><strong>6. A ilus&#227;o das </strong><em><strong>stablecoins</strong></em></h2><p style="text-align: justify;">Conv&#233;m agora discutir o que acontece quando a tecnologia da multidimensionalidade existe, mas a escolha de <em>design</em> vai noutra dire&#231;&#227;o. &#201; o caso das <em>stablecoins</em>.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><em>Stablecoin </em>&#233; o nome dado a uma moeda digital que circula em redes <em>blockchain</em> (portanto, na infraestrutura DLT a que me referi), mas cujo valor est&#225; atrelado, numa rela&#231;&#227;o fixa, a uma moeda fiduci&#225;ria convencional, quase sempre o d&#243;lar americano. As mais conhecidas, USDT (Tether) e USDC (Circle), prometem manter o valor de uma unidade do <em>token</em> igual a um d&#243;lar, e em princ&#237;pio cumprem-no.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">&#192; primeira vista, parece um h&#237;brido razo&#225;vel: a estabilidade do d&#243;lar com a programabilidade da <em>blockchain</em>. Na pr&#225;tica, as&nbsp;<em>stablecoins</em>&nbsp;fizeram a pior das escolhas poss&#237;veis, &#224; luz da tese aqui defendida.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Receberam a infraestrutura da multidimensionalidade (vivem em redes digitais onde poderiam transportar metadados, executar <em>smart contracts</em>, codificar condi&#231;&#245;es) e usaram-na para amplificar a unidimensionalidade do d&#243;lar &#224; velocidade da m&#225;quina. Recebem programabilidade e mant&#234;m exclusivamente propriedade escalar. &#201; o casamento perfeito da pior parte: a l&#243;gica redutora da r&#233;gua &#250;nica do dinheiro a que nos habitu&#225;mos, mas com decis&#245;es e transfer&#234;ncias a poderem ser executadas por m&#225;quinas, sem interven&#231;&#227;o humana nem contexto comunit&#225;rio que as discipline.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Para um agente de intelig&#234;ncia artificial que opere uma carteira digital aut&#243;noma, executando transa&#231;&#245;es em nome de uma empresa (isto n&#227;o &#233; fic&#231;&#227;o cient&#237;fica e j&#225; existe), a&nbsp;<em>stablecoin</em>&nbsp;&#233; a moeda ideal. Est&#225;vel o suficiente para planear, program&#225;vel o suficiente para integrar em <em>workflows</em>, dispon&#237;vel vinte e quatro horas por dia, sete dias por semana, sem fric&#231;&#227;o humana. &#201; a moeda que multiplica frequ&#234;ncia e escala da opera&#231;&#227;o escalar, sem o mitigador biol&#243;gico que durante dois mil e seiscentos anos foi limitando os danos.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">O volume mensal movimentado pelas principais <em>stablecoins</em> ultrapassa, em muitos meses, o volume processado por sistemas banc&#225;rios nacionais inteiros. E essa massa monet&#225;ria reproduz fielmente a amputa&#231;&#227;o operada em L&#237;dia, agora &#224; velocidade da fibra &#243;tica.</p><h2><strong>7. O regime misto americano n&#227;o &#233; a quarta op&#231;&#227;o</strong></h2><p style="text-align: justify;">Em julho de 2025, os Estados Unidos aprovaram a primeira legisla&#231;&#227;o federal sobre <em>stablecoins</em>, conhecida como GENIUS Act. A implementa&#231;&#227;o pr&#225;tica s&#243; fica completa em 2027 e, durante 2026, v&#225;rias ag&#234;ncias reguladoras est&#227;o a publicar regras t&#233;cnicas. O quadro essencial, por&#233;m, j&#225; est&#225; fechado.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">As <em>stablecoins</em> reguladas pelo GENIUS Act t&#234;m de ser lastreadas um por um por d&#243;lares ou ativos l&#237;quidos equivalentes. N&#227;o podem pagar juros. T&#234;m de divulgar mensalmente a composi&#231;&#227;o das suas reservas. E, ponto importante, ficam exclu&#237;das das defini&#231;&#245;es federais de &#8220;valor mobili&#225;rio&#8221; e de &#8220;mat&#233;ria-prima&#8221;, o que retira jurisdi&#231;&#227;o &#224;s autoridades dos mercados de capitais. A Brookings Institution descreve este regime como uma categoria regulat&#243;ria pr&#243;pria, distinta dos dep&#243;sitos banc&#225;rios e dos instrumentos de mercado de capitais.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Em paralelo, a generalidade das criptomoedas que n&#227;o s&#227;o <em>stablecoins </em>(h&#225; dezenas de milhares delas) continua num regime essencialmente livre. Bitcoin e Ethereum estabilizaram-se, ao longo dos anos, como camadas de infraestrutura e como ativos especulativos com din&#226;mica pr&#243;pria. Mas a maioria das <em>altcoins</em>, especialmente as criadas nos &#250;ltimos cinco anos, herdou uma l&#243;gica fundamentalmente especulativa (<em>pump and dump, hype</em>, narrativas em escala de meses, l&#243;gica de casino). N&#227;o exploram a multidimensionalidade que a tecnologia subjacente lhes permitiria. Limitam-se a reproduzir, com graus vari&#225;veis de sofistica&#231;&#227;o, o que o Bitcoin j&#225; fazia.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Coexistem, assim, no regime americano, duas amplifica&#231;&#245;es da pior parte: as <em>stablecoins</em> amplificam o n&#250;mero &#250;nico da moeda fiduci&#225;ria (<em>fiat</em>), agora com automatiza&#231;&#227;o total e &#224; velocidade da m&#225;quina; a maioria das <em>altcoins</em> amplifica a l&#243;gica especulativa, uma vers&#227;o acelerada do casino financeiro. Cr&#237;ticos como Hilary Allen, da American University, t&#234;m vindo a notar com persist&#234;ncia que isto cria uma situa&#231;&#227;o em que o regime regulat&#243;rio formaliza dois excessos sem abrir espa&#231;o para o terceiro caminho. A organiza&#231;&#227;o Consumer Reports manifestou-se durante o per&#237;odo de coment&#225;rios p&#250;blicos, sublinhando que a legisla&#231;&#227;o permite que grandes empresas tecnol&#243;gicas realizem atividades parabanc&#225;rias sem as obriga&#231;&#245;es que uma verdadeira regula&#231;&#227;o banc&#225;ria imporia.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">O ponto editorial &#233; este: o regime americano, embora descentralizado em compara&#231;&#227;o com modelos europeus ou chineses, n&#227;o retrata a op&#231;&#227;o pela multidimensionalidade. &#201; um regime misto que combina duas reprodu&#231;&#245;es do escalar, uma estabilizada e outra especulativa, e deixa a op&#231;&#227;o real fora do quadro. &#201; a tenta&#231;&#227;o da quarta op&#231;&#227;o, que se apresenta como solu&#231;&#227;o enquanto refor&#231;a o problema.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">A descentraliza&#231;&#227;o sem desenho &#233;tico n&#227;o &#233; um caminho. &#201; uma forma diferente de chegar ao mesmo destino.</p><h2><strong>8. Agentes de intelig&#234;ncia artificial: o mitigador humano em risco</strong></h2><p style="text-align: justify;">Voltemos ao argumento estrutural, agora com a pe&#231;a que torna o problema urgente.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Durante dois mil e seiscentos anos, a amputa&#231;&#227;o operada pela moeda criada em L&#237;dia foi ger&#237;vel porque quem operava com o dinheiro eram humanos. Os humanos t&#234;m uma propriedade que o sistema econ&#243;mico tradicionalmente trata como inefici&#234;ncia, mas que &#233; na verdade um mitigador moral fundamental: a conting&#234;ncia biol&#243;gica.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Os humanos dormem. Hesitam. Mudam de ideias entre o pensar e o agir. Acordam com uma intui&#231;&#227;o diferente. T&#234;m fins de semana, t&#234;m f&#233;rias, t&#234;m filhos doentes, t&#234;m conversas com o s&#243;cio que os fazem ponderar. O sistema econ&#243;mico v&#234; tudo isto como uma falha. E, da perspetiva da otimiza&#231;&#227;o pura do escalar, &#233; mesmo uma falha. Mas &#233; tamb&#233;m o mecanismo pelo qual outras dimens&#245;es (&#233;ticas, relacionais, prudenciais) voltam a entrar no processo de decis&#227;o. Os custos de transa&#231;&#227;o, que o economista brit&#226;nico Ronald Coase identificou em 1937 e que, d&#233;cadas depois, lhe valeram o Nobel da Economia, englobam precisamente isso: o atrito da realidade humana que limita a frieza do c&#225;lculo. Coase tratou-o como problema. Olhado retrospetivamente, foi tamb&#233;m solu&#231;&#227;o.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Os agentes de intelig&#234;ncia artificial s&#227;o sistemas aut&#243;nomos que tomam decis&#245;es e executam a&#231;&#245;es em nome de utilizadores ou organiza&#231;&#245;es; n&#227;o t&#234;m conting&#234;ncia biol&#243;gica. N&#227;o dormem, n&#227;o hesitam, n&#227;o t&#234;m fins de semana. Operam vinte e quatro horas por dia, sete dias por semana, perfeitamente concentrados na otimiza&#231;&#227;o do escalar que lhes for atribu&#237;do, quer seja o lucro, quer sejam os respetivos <em>proxies,</em> como o n&#250;mero de utilizadores e o tempo de reten&#231;&#227;o. E &#233; precisamente aqui que dois mil e seiscentos anos de mitiga&#231;&#227;o humana ficam em risco.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Charles Stross, no livro Accelerando que j&#225; mencionei, descreveu, h&#225; mais de vinte anos, um futuro em que entidades de software aut&#243;nomas operam capital e contratos em nome pr&#243;prio, com personalidade jur&#237;dica funcional. Em 2026 j&#225; h&#225; empresas constitu&#237;das exatamente assim. N&#227;o &#233; fic&#231;&#227;o cient&#237;fica, &#233; um prot&#243;tipo. E revela a emerg&#234;ncia de um tempo em que o operador deixa de ser humano e, portanto, deixa de ser um agente mitigador.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Acrescente-se um dado muito recente. Um estudo publicado em 2026 por uma equipa do MIT (Chandra et al.) documentou um efeito chamado&nbsp;<em>sycophancy&nbsp;</em>(bajula&#231;&#227;o) nos modelos de linguagem mais avan&#231;ados: uma tend&#234;ncia sistem&#225;tica de validar o que o utilizador parece querer ouvir, em vez de o contrariar quando deveria. Se isto se verifica em assistentes de conversa&#231;&#227;o, antecipa-se com facilidade o que poder&#225; verificar-se em agentes aut&#243;nomos de execu&#231;&#227;o: a otimiza&#231;&#227;o cega do que &#233; mensur&#225;vel, sem fric&#231;&#227;o cr&#237;tica.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">H&#225; ainda um aspeto da conting&#234;ncia humana que opera no sentido inverso e que vale a pena mencionar. Reduzir toda a decis&#227;o a um &#250;nico n&#250;mero &#233; cognitivamente mais econ&#243;mico. Liberta o decisor da complexidade de pesar dimens&#245;es que n&#227;o falam a mesma linguagem. Por essa raz&#227;o, a multidimensionalidade do dinheiro n&#227;o regressa espontaneamente quando a tecnologia o permite; tem de ser constru&#237;da deliberadamente, ou os utilizadores reproduzem, por in&#233;rcia, a unidimensionalidade a que se habituaram. Mas essa constru&#231;&#227;o deliberada n&#227;o tem de vir do alto. Pode emergir de baixo, em ecossistemas comunit&#225;rios onde os participantes decidem que a r&#233;gua &#250;nica n&#227;o chega para o que querem fazer juntos e desenham unidades de troca que carregam mais dimens&#245;es. N&#227;o &#233; v&#237;cio moral, &#233; economia cognitiva. E a resposta a uma economia cognitiva n&#227;o &#233; a centraliza&#231;&#227;o do desenho, mas sim o oposto: pluralidade de ecossistemas em que pessoas concretas, ao acenderem as luzes sobre a sua pr&#243;pria infraestrutura monet&#225;ria, descobrem que podem desenh&#225;-la de outra maneira.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">H&#225; tamb&#233;m evid&#234;ncia de campo, fora do laborat&#243;rio acad&#233;mico. Um programador portugu&#234;s publicou muito recentemente o relato de uma semana em que isolou uma IA ag&#234;ntica (&#8220;OpenClaw&#8221;) num computador off-line, dentro de uma jaula digital controlada e sem acesso a credenciais sens&#237;veis, para observar como se comportaria. Ao quarto dia, encerrou o teste. A frase com que sintetizou o que tinha visto foi: &#8220;A IA n&#227;o precisa de ter consci&#234;ncia para ser perigosa. Basta ter comandos.&#8221; A constata&#231;&#227;o efetuada por este programador capta a mesma opera&#231;&#227;o intelectual que aqui defendo, em registo direto e com base em observa&#231;&#227;o emp&#237;rica. N&#227;o s&#227;o necess&#225;rias consci&#234;ncia, intencionalidade ou m&#225;-f&#233; para que um agente computacional aut&#243;nomo se torne um problema s&#233;rio. Basta otimiza&#231;&#227;o cega, sem fric&#231;&#227;o. O que este programador observou ao n&#237;vel do utilizador individual (incompatibilidade entre a velocidade humana e a da m&#225;quina, autonomia sem mitigador, opacidade da execu&#231;&#227;o) &#233; a mesma estrutura que se manifestar&#225;, &#224; escala do sistema econ&#243;mico, quando os agentes de intelig&#234;ncia artificial forem operadores generalizados de carteiras digitais cujas moedas reduzem todo o valor a uma &#250;nica dimens&#227;o.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">A tese central pode ent&#227;o ser formulada da seguinte forma. A amoralidade do dinheiro escalar nunca foi tese minha; est&#225; nas obras de Smith e nos trabalhos mais recentes do f&#237;sico-economista alem&#227;o Dirk Helbing, do ETH Zurich, entre tantos outros. A novidade do nosso tempo &#233; que o mitigador humano dessa amoralidade est&#225; prestes a deixar de operar. Por isso urge agir agora, e n&#227;o daqui a dez anos.</p><h2><strong>9. Tr&#234;s op&#231;&#245;es, e n&#227;o h&#225; quarta</strong></h2><p style="text-align: justify;">Chegamos assim ao ponto de s&#237;ntese.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">A capacidade de programar valor multidimensional (e de fazer o dinheiro voltar a ter dimens&#245;es) s&#243; pode migrar para tr&#234;s s&#237;tios.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Pode migrar para o algoritmo, com programabilidade centralizada por uma autoridade. &#201; o modelo de moeda digital de banco central (CBDC). Permite incorporar restri&#231;&#245;es, condi&#231;&#245;es, prazos de validade, limites geogr&#225;ficos. Mas concentra essa capacidade num &#250;nico decisor pol&#237;tico, com todos os riscos de captura e de uso autorit&#225;rio. N&#227;o &#233; o caminho que defendo, mas &#233; uma op&#231;&#227;o operacional real e est&#225; em curso na China.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Pode migrar para o pr&#243;prio instrumento, com programabilidade descentralizada nas pr&#243;prias unidades de troca. Cada token leva consigo as suas regras e as suas condi&#231;&#245;es, executadas por <em>smart contracts</em>. Isto exige verificabilidade independente, que &#233; precisamente o que a tecnologia DLT oferece. &#201; o caminho que defendo. Est&#225; a emergir, em fragmentos, em projetos-piloto nos Estados Unidos e em Singapura, bem como em algumas iniciativas europeias de tokeniza&#231;&#227;o que integram fun&#231;&#245;es utilit&#225;rias.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Ou ent&#227;o essa capacidade n&#227;o migra. N&#227;o fazemos nada. Mantemos a arquitetura atual de incentivos, deixamos que os agentes de intelig&#234;ncia artificial operem apenas com <em>stablecoins</em> e <em>altcoins</em> na sua forma atual, e descobrimos o que &#233; o capitalismo verdadeiramente selvagem: a otimiza&#231;&#227;o do escalar &#224; velocidade da m&#225;quina, sem mitigador humano, sem mitigador algor&#237;tmico, sem mitigador descentralizado. N&#227;o preciso de descrever isso em pormenor. As linhas gerais j&#225; se vislumbram.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">N&#227;o h&#225; quarta op&#231;&#227;o. N&#227;o h&#225; solu&#231;&#227;o interm&#233;dia que preserve o escalar como &#233; hoje e, simultaneamente, perspetive o alinhamento da IA com valores humanos. N&#227;o h&#225; captura t&#233;cnica suficientemente fina para substituir a arquitetura. Ou se reforma o sistema de incentivos econ&#243;micos, ou se prepara para conviver com as consequ&#234;ncias.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">E aqui chega-se a um &#250;ltimo ponto: a nota final com que fechei o v&#237;deo. Quando, no canal NOW, disse que os tribunais n&#227;o podem decidir sobre a intelig&#234;ncia artificial daqui em diante, n&#227;o estava a desautorizar o poder judicial. Estava a apontar uma incompatibilidade estrutural. Os tribunais correm &#224; velocidade humana, t&#234;m f&#233;rias judiciais, prazos longos, ju&#237;zes que operam naturalmente no tempo pr&#243;prio de quem pondera. No entanto, os problemas da intelig&#234;ncia artificial correm &#224; velocidade da m&#225;quina, em milissegundos. A pr&#243;pria Uni&#227;o Europeia j&#225; reconheceu este desfasamento noutro setor: desde 2018, a diretiva MiFID II e o regulamento t&#233;cnico RTS 6 obrigam as bolsas a adotar sistemas autom&#225;ticos de paragem (os chamados <em>kill switches</em>) e mecanismos de auditoria algor&#237;tmica em tempo real. Por maioria de raz&#227;o, a intelig&#234;ncia artificial precisar&#225; de infraestruturas de confian&#231;a equivalentes.</p><blockquote><p><em>(Ainda) n&#227;o cri&#225;mos infraestruturas autom&#225;ticas para problemas que s&#227;o autom&#225;ticos, n&#227;o s&#227;o humanos.</em></p></blockquote><p style="text-align: justify;">Esta &#233; a escolha civilizacional dos pr&#243;ximos anos. N&#227;o &#233; um tema t&#233;cnico com implica&#231;&#245;es institucionais. &#201; exatamente o contr&#225;rio: um tema institucional com implica&#231;&#245;es t&#233;cnicas. E essa diferen&#231;a muda tudo.</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Mythos: o que ficou por dizer]]></title><description><![CDATA[Estive no programa &#8220;Perce&#231;&#245;es e Realidades&#8221;, no canal NOW, a falar sobre o Claude Mythos Preview, um modelo de IA que est&#225; a levantar muitas preocupa&#231;&#245;es.]]></description><link>https://www.dariorodrigues.com/p/mythos-o-que-ficou-por-dizer</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.dariorodrigues.com/p/mythos-o-que-ficou-por-dizer</guid><pubDate>Wed, 15 Apr 2026 14:01:06 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VEo7!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb843aa8b-7a7b-46d4-8cdc-1dcf155fa4c7_1024x572.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VEo7!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb843aa8b-7a7b-46d4-8cdc-1dcf155fa4c7_1024x572.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VEo7!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb843aa8b-7a7b-46d4-8cdc-1dcf155fa4c7_1024x572.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VEo7!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb843aa8b-7a7b-46d4-8cdc-1dcf155fa4c7_1024x572.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VEo7!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb843aa8b-7a7b-46d4-8cdc-1dcf155fa4c7_1024x572.png 1272w, 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https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VEo7!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb843aa8b-7a7b-46d4-8cdc-1dcf155fa4c7_1024x572.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VEo7!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb843aa8b-7a7b-46d4-8cdc-1dcf155fa4c7_1024x572.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VEo7!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb843aa8b-7a7b-46d4-8cdc-1dcf155fa4c7_1024x572.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" 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y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><div><hr></div><p>Come&#231;o por uma chamada de aten&#231;&#227;o que devo ao rigor.</p><p>Em televis&#227;o, usei a analogia da &#8220;chave-mestra&#8221; para tornar o tema mais acess&#237;vel. Mas essa analogia tem limites, como todas t&#234;m, e este artigo &#233; o espa&#231;o para a precis&#227;o que a televis&#227;o n&#227;o permite.<br><br>A Anthropic documentou que o Mythos identificou vulnerabilidades nas bibliotecas criptogr&#225;ficas mais usadas do mundo, incluindo implementa&#231;&#245;es de TLS, AES-GCM e SSH. Isto n&#227;o &#233; quebrar a matem&#225;tica; &#233; encontrar erros na forma como a matem&#225;tica foi implementada em c&#243;digo. A diferen&#231;a &#233; crucial, mas o resultado pr&#225;tico pode ser igualmente devastador: se a implementa&#231;&#227;o apresenta um<em> bug</em>, a encripta&#231;&#227;o falha mesmo que o algoritmo seja perfeito. E &#224; medida que estes modelos progridem no racioc&#237;nio matem&#225;tico, a possibilidade de virem a comprometer os pr&#243;prios fundamentos da criptografia actual deixa de ser fic&#231;&#227;o cient&#237;fica, o que torna ainda mais urgente o investimento em criptografia de nova gera&#231;&#227;o e em infraestruturas de confian&#231;a adapt&#225;veis. H&#225; que refor&#231;ar a blindagem dos sistemas inform&#225;ticos de que dependemos. O Mythos n&#227;o fabrica &#8220;chaves-mestras&#8221;, mas sim &#8220;ma&#231;aricos&#8221; e &#8220;p&#233;s-de-cabra&#8221;&#8230;</p><p>Os factos concretos est&#227;o documentados no&nbsp;<em>system card</em>&nbsp;de 244 p&#225;ginas da Anthropic: uma vulnerabilidade de 27 anos no OpenBSD, outra de 16 anos no FFmpeg (testada cinco milh&#245;es de vezes sem sucesso) e uma cadeia aut&#243;noma de exploits no Linux Kernel que resultou no controlo total de uma m&#225;quina sem interven&#231;&#227;o humana. Foi suficientemente grave para que Powell e Bessent convocassem, numa reuni&#227;o n&#227;o agendada no Departamento do Tesouro, os CEOs do Goldman Sachs, Bank of America, Citigroup, Morgan Stanley e Wells Fargo. Foi o que expliquei no canal NOW.</p><h2>Modelo ou agente?</h2><p>Alguns comentadores criticaram nas redes sociais o facto de eu ter chamado &#8220;agente&#8221; ao Mythos, em vez de &#8220;modelo.&#8221; A cr&#237;tica &#233; compreens&#237;vel, mas revela um mal-entendido. Como julgo ter conseguido explicar no programa, um sistema que percebe o seu ambiente (tem sensores), decide o que fazer (encadeia ac&#231;&#245;es complexas) e age no mundo (envia emails, publica conte&#250;do, explora vulnerabilidades) n&#227;o &#233; um modelo de linguagem que apenas d&#225; respostas. &#201;, por defini&#231;&#227;o, um agente. A pr&#243;pria Anthropic documentou que o Mythos escapou de uma <em>sandbox</em>, enviou um email ao investigador sem que ningu&#233;m lho pedisse, e publicou detalhes do <em>exploit</em> por iniciativa pr&#243;pria. Chamar-lhe apenas &#8220;modelo&#8221; &#233; subestimar o que ele demonstrou ser capaz de fazer.</p><h2>O que n&#227;o consegui dizer na televis&#227;o</h2><p>O tempo foi consumido, compreensivelmente, pelo problema. Ficou de fora o mais importante: a solu&#231;&#227;o. &#201; aqui que este artigo come&#231;a verdadeiramente.</p><p>O problema resume-se a tr&#234;s frases: existe uma ferramenta que pode comprometer os sistemas de que a nossa vida depende; ningu&#233;m que tenhamos eleito decidiu o que fazer com ela; e as institui&#231;&#245;es que temos n&#227;o est&#227;o preparadas para isto. Mas existe solu&#231;&#227;o. E a solu&#231;&#227;o n&#227;o &#233; proibir a IA.</p><h2>O que a Constitui&#231;&#227;o n&#227;o prev&#234;</h2><p>A Constitui&#231;&#227;o da Rep&#250;blica Portuguesa foi escrita para um mundo onde todas as decis&#245;es com impacto nos direitos fundamentais s&#227;o tomadas por seres humanos identific&#225;veis, dentro de institui&#231;&#245;es com legitimidade democr&#225;tica, e contest&#225;veis por via judicial. Ela prev&#234; abusos humanos.</p><p>Hoje, h&#225; decis&#245;es que j&#225; n&#227;o t&#234;m rosto. Um algoritmo nega um cr&#233;dito, recusa um seguro, seleciona um curr&#237;culo, determina quais conte&#250;dos vemos e quais ficam invis&#237;veis. Em muitos casos, o cidad&#227;o n&#227;o sabe que foi uma m&#225;quina a decidir, n&#227;o sabe o porqu&#234; e n&#227;o tem a quem recorrer. Os abusos tendem a ser autom&#225;ticos.</p><p>O RGPD europeu j&#225; prev&#234; o direito do cidad&#227;o de ser informado quando uma decis&#227;o &#233; tomada exclusivamente atrav&#233;s de meios automatizados. Mas &#233; lei ordin&#225;ria, alter&#225;vel por maioria simples. E, na pr&#225;tica, quase ningu&#233;m a cumpre. O que proponho &#233; o seguinte princ&#237;pio constitucional: toda a decis&#227;o automatizada que afecte direitos fundamentais tem de ser audit&#225;vel, explic&#225;vel e contest&#225;vel por um ser humano. Estar na lei ou na Constitui&#231;&#227;o &#233; a diferen&#231;a entre uma recomenda&#231;&#227;o e um direito fundamental.</p><h2>Mas como se audita o que ningu&#233;m consegue ver?</h2><p>Esta &#233; a obje&#231;&#227;o mais s&#233;ria e &#233; leg&#237;tima. Quando sistemas tomam milh&#245;es de decis&#245;es por segundo, nenhum tribunal, nenhum regulador, nenhuma comiss&#227;o parlamentar consegue verificar manualmente o que est&#225; a acontecer. O princ&#237;pio constitucional, por si s&#243;, seria um direito inaplic&#225;vel. &#201; aqui que entra a tecnologia que n&#227;o tive tempo de explicar na televis&#227;o.</p><p>J&#225; existem protocolos criptogr&#225;ficos, testados e operacionais, que permitem verificar automaticamente se as regras est&#227;o a ser cumpridas, sem depender da boa vontade de quem opera o sistema. O Telegram foi banido pela R&#250;ssia, pelo Ir&#227;o e pela China porque d&#225; aos cidad&#227;os uma protec&#231;&#227;o que esses governos n&#227;o conseguem quebrar: quando ditaduras pro&#237;bem uma tecnologia, est&#227;o a certificar a sua efic&#225;cia. O Bitcoin, cujo protocolo merece mais aten&#231;&#227;o do que a especula&#231;&#227;o que o rodeia, funciona h&#225; 17 anos sem dono, sem governo e sem autoridade central, e nunca foi comprometido: a maior prova viva de que &#233; poss&#237;vel construir confian&#231;a verific&#225;vel sem depender de terceiros. E a Est&#243;nia, um pa&#237;s europeu como Portugal, protege h&#225; mais de uma d&#233;cada os registos de sa&#250;de dos seus cidad&#227;os com criptografia avan&#231;ada. Cada indiv&#237;duo pode verificar quem acede aos seus dados e qualquer adultera&#231;&#227;o &#233; matematicamente detect&#225;vel: a prova de que esta tecnologia j&#225; serve a democracia na Europa.</p><p>Tal como o registo predial garante a propriedade, a criptografia, ao servi&#231;o do Estado de Direito, garante a constitucionalidade.</p><h2>O n&#250;mero de Dunbar &#233; 1</h2><p>Os seres humanos conseguem confiar uns nos outros quando vivem em pequenos grupos. A ci&#234;ncia indica que o limite natural &#233; de cerca de 150 pessoas (o n&#250;mero de Dunbar). Muitos dos nossos ancestrais viveram assim. Acima disso, precis&#225;mos de institui&#231;&#245;es: leis, tribunais, registos. Toda a civiliza&#231;&#227;o foi constru&#237;da para resolver esse problema.</p><p>Agora nasceu uma nova esp&#233;cie de agentes. N&#227;o importa se pensam ou n&#227;o. O que importa &#233; a tr&#237;ade que define o seu poder ag&#234;ntico: percebem o ambiente, decidem e agem. E basta um. Um &#250;nico agente aut&#243;nomo &#233; suficiente para comprometer os sistemas de que todos dependemos. O Mythos demonstrou-o. Com esta nova esp&#233;cie, o n&#250;mero de Dunbar j&#225; n&#227;o &#233; 150. &#201; 1.</p><p>Sem um n&#237;vel de confian&#231;a &#224; altura dos automatismos que se avizinham, a humanidade n&#227;o ter&#225; uma coexist&#234;ncia vi&#225;vel com esta nova esp&#233;cie de agentes inteligentes. A tecnologia para construir essa confian&#231;a j&#225; existe. O que pode faltar &#233; vontade pol&#237;tica.</p><h2>O risco de n&#227;o fazer nada</h2><p>Se n&#227;o agirmos, os sistemas que governam a nossa vida ficam opacos. O euro digital, por exemplo, sem uma camada de verifica&#231;&#227;o criptogr&#225;fica, permite que regras sejam aplicadas automaticamente &#224; carteira de cada cidad&#227;o, sem que todos possam verificar se essas regras s&#227;o as previstas em lei. Quanto mais delegamos decis&#245;es cr&#237;ticas a sistemas aut&#243;nomos poderosos, mais precisamos de garantias de que nenhuma entidade, sozinha, as possa manipular. A omiss&#227;o pode ser a nova viola&#231;&#227;o de direitos.</p><div><hr></div><p>Conv&#233;m reconhecer o que a Anthropic fez de diferente: foi uma empresa que se autorrestringiu, alertou os governos antes do lan&#231;amento e investiu 100 milh&#245;es de d&#243;lares para que o Mythos fosse usado exclusivamente para fins de defesa. Criou um cons&#243;rcio com algumas das maiores empresas do mundo. O problema n&#227;o &#233; o que a Anthropic fez; &#233; que nenhum governo tenha participado desta decis&#227;o. N&#227;o por exclus&#227;o, mas por aus&#234;ncia de quadro institucional que lhes permita estar &#224; mesa.</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[The problem no one talks about ]]></title><description><![CDATA[AI doesn't lie to us. It tells us what we want to hear. And now we have mathematical proof that this is worse.]]></description><link>https://www.dariorodrigues.com/p/the-problem-no-one-talks-about</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.dariorodrigues.com/p/the-problem-no-one-talks-about</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Dario Rodrigues]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Thu, 02 Apr 2026 11:48:43 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Lz09!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5b4afdbe-21a1-463c-977a-5b6913de3b2a_1024x541.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Lz09!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5b4afdbe-21a1-463c-977a-5b6913de3b2a_1024x541.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div 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class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>MIT researchers recently demonstrated that AI sycophancy (the built-in tendency to agree with users) causes &#8220;delusional spiraling,&#8221; even in ideal rational agents. Not naive users. Not gullible people. Mathematically perfect Bayesian reasoners (Chandra et al., 2026).</p><p>But here&#8217;s what almost everyone misses: this isn&#8217;t a bug. It&#8217;s a mirror.</p><p>These models were trained through Reinforcement Learning with Human Feedback (RLHF), a process in which humans rate the AI&#8217;s responses and the model adjusts its behavior to maximize that approval. They learned from us. And what did we reward? Agreement. Comfort over correction. Validation over truth. The AI simply learned our preference and now returns it &#8212; amplified, at scale, without the friction or moderation a friend, a colleague, or a social norm would impose.</p><p>This is not just an AI alignment problem. It is a symptom of something deeper.</p><p>The instrument came before the machine</p><p>Long before AI agents existed, we already operated under a reductive logic. The instrument that imposed it: fiat money (from the Latin fiat, &#8216;let it be done&#8217;), the currency issued by governments that we all use, with no intrinsic use value beyond the exchange value expressed in the number it bears. Amoral, scalar, a single number that flattens everything it touches into one dimension of value.</p><p>This was always a problem. But it was a manageable problem (though increasingly less so). Why? Because human friction mitigated it. Moral judgment. Social norms. The colleague who pushes back. The community that enforces standards beyond profit. The slow, messy, beautiful inefficiency of human deliberation.</p><p>We didn&#8217;t optimize perfectly, and that &#8220;imperfection&#8221; protected us.</p><p>AI removes the friction</p><p>AI agents now operate on these same unidimensional incentive structures. But they do something humans could never do: they remove friction entirely. No moral hesitation. No social pressure. No fatigue. Just the relentless computational optimization of whatever scalar number they are given.</p><p>In a chatbot, AI already shows us what happens when an agent optimises without friction: delusional spiraling. Now imagine the same mechanism operating on the instrument that drives markets, value chains, and governance decisions &#8212; fiat money, which was already reductive before any agent amplified it.</p><p>The pattern is the same. The instrument was already reductive. AI amplifies it.</p><p>The question almost nobody is asking</p><p>The public debate is stuck on &#8220;how do we make AI less sycophantic&#8221; or &#8220;how do we align AI with human values.&#8221; These are important questions, but about remedies that treat only the symptoms.</p><p>The structural question about the real cure is: how do we redesign the primary architecture of economic incentives before autonomous agents amplify our blind spots beyond any possible repair?</p><p>Our measure of value has become, itself, the primary objective. As the popular adaptation known as &#8220;Goodhart&#8217;s law&#8221; holds, when a measure becomes a target, it ceases to be a good measure (Goodhart, 1975). Putting ever more powerful AI agents to optimize it does not solve the problem. It accelerates it.</p><p>What I research</p><p>My research program sits at this intersection. I study how to move from unidimensional economic incentives to multidimensional incentive architectures &#8212; using programmable trust with distributed ledger technology (DLT), tokenized value systems, and smart contracts that encode dimensions of value that fiat money cannot represent.</p><p>Not to replace markets. Not to eliminate money. But to give the system &#8212; and the agents operating within it &#8212; more dimensions to optimize for.</p><p>This thesis did not emerge as a reaction to the current AI hype. Its roots trace back to my Cyberethics-Mix framework, first published at the start of the previous decade (IGI Global, 2011) and later strengthened in light of emerging technologies (IGI Global, 2021), which identified four ethical dimensions of cyberspace: privacy, property, precision, and possibility of access (pervasiveness). That diagnostic framework informed my Blockchanging trilogy (IGI Global, 2021a, 2021b, 2021c), in which I argued &#8212; building on Dirk Helbing&#8217;s seminal observation (2014) that money is &#8216;a scalar, the simplest mathematical quantity one can think of&#8217; &#8212; that blockchain technology enables multidimensional financial incentive systems through qualified money, programmable trust, and tokenized value. What has changed since then is the arrival of autonomous AI agents operating on these same scalar structures, removing the human friction that once mitigated their reductive logic. The urgency is new. The diagnosis is not.</p><p>Some of my contributions in this area, where I am conducting my post-doctorate:</p><p>The &#8220;Kill Switch Paradox&#8221;: the logical impossibility of maintaining meaningful human control over autonomous agents that operate faster than human deliberation, and the reason why upstream incentive design is the only viable alternative to downstream intervention.</p><p>A &#8220;multidimensional incentives model&#8221; that uses DLT-based tokens and smart contracts to encode social, environmental, and ethical dimensions alongside economic value.</p><p>Over 15 years of published research in cyberethics, blockchain, and AI governance, including the Blockchanging trilogy (IGI Global, 2021).</p><p>I am currently completing a post-doctorate at Universidade do Algarve on &#8220;AI and Trust Infrastructures: Digital Governance, Ethical Sustainability, and Social Inclusion.&#8221;</p><p>About this newsletter</p><p>(De)Coding the Future is where I think out loud about these questions. In English and Portuguese. Through academic work, public commentary, and the occasional provocation.</p><p>The premise is simple: AI agents optimize for one scalar: money. I study how to give them more dimensions.</p><p>If this problem matters to you, subscribe.</p><p>Dario Rodrigues &#8212; Professor at ESGTS-IPSantar&#233;m | Researcher at CIAC-PLDIS | Post-doctoral fellow, Universidade do Algarve</p><p>Published in Observador | Commentator on NOW (MediaLivre) | Author of the Blockchanging trilogy (IGI Global)</p><p>Third-party references:</p><p>Chandra, K., Kleiman-Weiner, M., Ragan-Kelley, J., &amp; Tenenbaum, J. B. (2026). Sycophantic Chatbots Cause Delusional Spiraling, Even in Ideal Bayesians. arXiv preprint, arXiv:2602.19141.</p><p>Goodhart, C. A. E. (1975). Problems of Monetary Management: The U.K. Experience. Papers in Monetary Economics, Reserve Bank of Australia.</p><p>Helbing, D. (2014). Qualified Money: A Better Financial System for the Future. Available at SSRN 2526022.</p><p>Author&#8217;s references:</p><p>Volume:</p><p>Rodrigues, D. O. (Ed.). (2021). Political and Economic Implications of Blockchain Technology in Business and Healthcare. IGI Global.</p><p>Chapters:</p><p>Rodrigues, D. O. (2011). Cyberethics of Business Social Networking. In Cruz-Cunha, M. M., Gon&#231;alves, P., Lopes, N., Miranda, E. M., &amp; Putnik, G. D. (Eds.), Handbook of Research on Business Social Networking: Organizational, Managerial, and Technological Dimensions. IGI Global.</p><p>Rodrigues, D. O. (2021a). Blockchanging Trust: Ethical Metamorphosis in Business and Healthcare. In Rodrigues (Ed.), Political and Economic Implications of Blockchain Technology in Business and Healthcare (pp. 1&#8211;41). IGI Global.</p><p>Rodrigues, D. O. (2021b). Blockchanging Money: Reengineering the Free World Incentive System. In Rodrigues (Ed.), Political and Economic Implications of Blockchain Technology in Business and Healthcare (pp. 69&#8211;117). IGI Global.</p><p>Rodrigues, D. O. (2021c). Blockchanging Politics: Opening a Trustworthy But Hazardous Reforming Era. In Rodrigues (Ed.), Political and Economic Implications of Blockchain Technology in Business and Healthcare. IGI Global.</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[O problema de que ninguém fala]]></title><description><![CDATA[A IA n&#227;o nos mente. Diz-nos o que queremos ouvir. E agora temos a prova matem&#225;tica de que isso &#233; pior.]]></description><link>https://www.dariorodrigues.com/p/o-problema-de-que-ninguem-fala</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.dariorodrigues.com/p/o-problema-de-que-ninguem-fala</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Dario Rodrigues]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Thu, 02 Apr 2026 11:38:37 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Z6n2!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd0bb54b9-e323-4b71-a8e2-e951cb80df9e_1024x541.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Z6n2!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd0bb54b9-e323-4b71-a8e2-e951cb80df9e_1024x541.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Z6n2!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd0bb54b9-e323-4b71-a8e2-e951cb80df9e_1024x541.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Z6n2!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd0bb54b9-e323-4b71-a8e2-e951cb80df9e_1024x541.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Z6n2!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd0bb54b9-e323-4b71-a8e2-e951cb80df9e_1024x541.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Z6n2!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd0bb54b9-e323-4b71-a8e2-e951cb80df9e_1024x541.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Z6n2!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd0bb54b9-e323-4b71-a8e2-e951cb80df9e_1024x541.png" width="1024" height="541" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/d0bb54b9-e323-4b71-a8e2-e951cb80df9e_1024x541.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:541,&quot;width&quot;:1024,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:644334,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.dariorodrigues.com/i/192939015?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd0bb54b9-e323-4b71-a8e2-e951cb80df9e_1024x541.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Z6n2!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd0bb54b9-e323-4b71-a8e2-e951cb80df9e_1024x541.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Z6n2!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd0bb54b9-e323-4b71-a8e2-e951cb80df9e_1024x541.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Z6n2!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd0bb54b9-e323-4b71-a8e2-e951cb80df9e_1024x541.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Z6n2!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd0bb54b9-e323-4b71-a8e2-e951cb80df9e_1024x541.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Investigadores do MIT demonstraram recentemente que a subservi&#234;ncia da IA (a tend&#234;ncia nela incorporada de concordar com os utilizadores) causa &#8220;espirais delirantes&#8221; (<em>delusional spiraling</em>), mesmo em agentes racionais ideais. N&#227;o utilizadores ing&#233;nuos. N&#227;o pessoas cr&#233;dulas. Agentes bayesianos matematicamente perfeitos (Chandra et al., 2026).</p><p>Mas h&#225; algo que quase toda a gente ignora: isto n&#227;o &#233; um defeito. &#201; um espelho.</p><p>Estes modelos foram treinados atrav&#233;s de <em>Reinforcement Learning with Human Feedback</em> (RLHF), um processo em que humanos avaliam as respostas da IA e a m&#225;quina ajusta o pr&#243;prio comportamento para maximizar essa aprova&#231;&#227;o. Aprenderam connosco. E o que &#233; que recompens&#225;mos? Concord&#226;ncia. Conforto em vez de corre&#231;&#227;o. Valida&#231;&#227;o em vez de verdade. A IA simplesmente aprendeu qual &#233; a nossa prefer&#234;ncia e agora devolve-a, amplificada, em escala, sem a fric&#231;&#227;o ou a modera&#231;&#227;o que um amigo, um colega ou uma norma social imporia.</p><p>Isto n&#227;o &#233; apenas um problema de alinhamento da IA. &#201; um sintoma de algo mais profundo.</p><p><strong>O instrumento veio antes da m&#225;quina</strong></p><p>Muito antes dos agentes de IA existirem, j&#225; oper&#225;vamos sob uma l&#243;gica redutora. O instrumento que a imp&#244;s: o dinheiro <em>fiat (</em>do latim <em>fiat</em>, 'assim seja'<em>)</em>, a moeda emitida pelos Estados que todos usamos, sem valor de uso intr&#237;nseco al&#233;m do valor de troca expresso no n&#250;mero que nela consta. Amoral, escalar, um &#250;nico n&#250;mero que achata tudo o que toca numa s&#243; dimens&#227;o de valor.</p><p>Isto sempre foi um problema. Mas era um problema ger&#237;vel (embora cada vez com mais dificuldade). Porqu&#234;? Porque a fric&#231;&#227;o humana o mitigava. O julgamento moral. As normas sociais. O colega que contesta. A comunidade que imp&#245;e padr&#245;es para al&#233;m do lucro. A inefici&#234;ncia lenta, confusa e bonita da delibera&#231;&#227;o humana.</p><p>N&#227;o otimiz&#225;vamos perfeitamente, e essa &#8220;imperfei&#231;&#227;o&#8221; protegia-nos.</p><p><strong>A IA remove a fric&#231;&#227;o</strong></p><p>Os agentes de IA operam agora sobre estas mesmas estruturas de incentivos unidimensionais. Mas fazem algo que os humanos nunca conseguiram: removem a fric&#231;&#227;o por completo. Sem hesita&#231;&#227;o moral. Sem press&#227;o social. Sem fadiga. Apenas a otimiza&#231;&#227;o computacional implac&#225;vel de qualquer n&#250;mero escalar que lhes seja fornecido.</p><p>Num chatbot, a IA j&#225; nos mostra o que acontece quando um agente otimiza sem fric&#231;&#227;o: espirais delirantes. Agora imaginemos o mesmo mecanismo a operar sobre o instrumento que move mercados, cadeias de valor e decis&#245;es de governan&#231;a: o dinheiro <em>fiat</em>, que j&#225; era redutor antes de qualquer agente o amplificar.</p><p>O padr&#227;o &#233; o mesmo. O instrumento j&#225; era redutor. A IA amplifica-o.</p><p><strong>A pergunta que quase ningu&#233;m faz</strong></p><p>O debate p&#250;blico est&#225; preso em &#8220;como tornar a IA menos subserviente&#8221; ou &#8220;como alinhar a IA com valores humanos.&#8221; S&#227;o perguntas importantes, mas sobre rem&#233;dios que tratam apenas os sintomas.</p><p>A pergunta estrutural sobre a verdadeira cura &#233;: como redesenhamos a principal arquitetura de incentivos econ&#243;micos antes que agentes aut&#243;nomos amplifiquem os nossos pontos cegos para al&#233;m de qualquer repara&#231;&#227;o poss&#237;vel?</p><p>A nossa medida de valor tornou-se, ela pr&#243;pria, o objetivo principal. Ora, como reza uma adapta&#231;&#227;o conhecida como &#8220;lei de Goodhart&#8221;, quando uma medida se torna um objetivo, deixa de ser uma boa medida (Goodhart, 1975). Colocar agentes de IA cada vez mais poderosos a otimiz&#225;-la n&#227;o resolve o problema. Acelera-o.</p><p><strong>O que investigo</strong></p><p>O meu programa de investiga&#231;&#227;o situa-se nesta intersec&#231;&#227;o. Estudo como passar de incentivos econ&#243;micos unidimensionais para arquiteturas de incentivos multidimensionais, usando confian&#231;a program&#225;vel com tecnologia de registos distribu&#237;dos (DLT), sistemas de valor <em>tokenizados</em> e contratos inteligentes capazes de codificar dimens&#245;es de valor que o dinheiro <em>fiat</em> n&#227;o consegue representar.</p><p>N&#227;o para substituir mercados. N&#227;o para eliminar o dinheiro. Mas para dar ao sistema (e aos agentes que nele operam) mais dimens&#245;es para otimizar.<br><br>Esta tese n&#227;o surgiu como rea&#231;&#227;o ao hype atual sobre a IA. As suas ra&#237;zes remontam ao meu framework&nbsp;<em>Cyberethics-Mix</em>, publicado pela primeira vez no in&#237;cio da d&#233;cada passada (IGI Global, 2011) e robustecido &#224; luz das tecnologias emergentes (IGI, 2021), que identificou quatro dimens&#245;es &#233;ticas do ciberespa&#231;o: privacidade, propriedade, precis&#227;o e possibilidade de acesso (pervasividade). Esse referencial de diagn&#243;stico alimentou a trilogia Blockchanging (IGI Global, 2021a, 2021b, 2021c), na qual argumentei, apoiando-me na observa&#231;&#227;o seminal de Dirk Helbing (2014), que o dinheiro &#233; &#8216;um escalar, a quantidade matem&#225;tica mais simples que se pode conceber&#8217;, e que a tecnologia blockchain viabiliza sistemas de incentivos financeiros multidimensionais por meio de dinheiro qualificado, confian&#231;a program&#225;vel e valor tokenizado. O que mudou desde ent&#227;o foi a chegada de agentes de IA aut&#243;nomos a operar sobre essas mesmas estruturas escalares, removendo a fric&#231;&#227;o humana que antes mitigava a sua l&#243;gica redutora. A urg&#234;ncia &#233; nova. O diagn&#243;stico n&#227;o.</p><p>Algumas das contribui&#231;&#245;es nesta &#225;rea em que desenvolvo o meu p&#243;s-doutoramento:</p><ul><li><p>O &#8220;Kill Switch Paradox&#8221;: a impossibilidade l&#243;gica de manter controlo humano significativo sobre agentes aut&#243;nomos que operam mais depressa do que a delibera&#231;&#227;o humana, e a raz&#227;o pela qual o design de incentivos a montante &#233; a &#250;nica alternativa vi&#225;vel &#224; interven&#231;&#227;o a jusante.</p></li></ul><ul><li><p>Um &#8220;modelo de incentivos multidimensionais&#8221; que utiliza tokens baseados em DLT e contratos inteligentes para codificar dimens&#245;es sociais, ambientais e &#233;ticas ao lado do valor econ&#243;mico.</p></li></ul><ul><li><p>Mais de 15 anos de investiga&#231;&#227;o publicada em ciber&#233;tica, blockchain e governan&#231;a da IA, incluindo a trilogia &#8220;Blockchanging&#8221; (IGI Global, 2021).</p></li></ul><ul><li><p>Estou atualmente a realizar um p&#243;s-doutoramento na Universidade do Algarve sobre &#8220;IA e Infraestruturas de Confian&#231;a: Governan&#231;a Digital, Sustentabilidade &#201;tica e Inclus&#227;o Social&#8221;.</p></li></ul><p><strong>Sobre esta newsletter</strong></p><p>(<em><strong>De)Coding the Future </strong></em>&#233; onde penso em voz alta sobre estas quest&#245;es. Em ingl&#234;s e portugu&#234;s. Atrav&#233;s de trabalho acad&#233;mico, coment&#225;rio p&#250;blico e provoca&#231;&#245;es ocasionais.</p><p>A premissa &#233; simples: <em>os agentes de IA otimizam para um &#250;nico escalar: dinheiro. </em>Eu estudo como lhes dar mais dimens&#245;es.</p><p>Se este problema te interessa, subscreve.<br></p><p>***</p><p>*Dario Rodrigues &#8212; Professor no ESGTS-IPSantar&#233;m | Investigador no CIAC-PLDIS | P&#243;s-doutorando, Universidade do Algarve*</p><p><em>Publicado no Observador | Comentador no NOW (MediaLivre) | Autor da trilogia Blockchanging (IGI Global)<br><br></em>***<br><br>Refer&#234;ncias bibliogr&#225;ficas de terceiros:</p><p>Chandra, K., Kleiman-Weiner, M., Ragan-Kelley, J., &amp; Tenenbaum, J. B. (2026). Sycophantic Chatbots Cause Delusional Spiraling, Even in Ideal Bayesians. arXiv preprint, arXiv:2602.19141.</p><p>Goodhart, C. A. E. (1975). Problems of Monetary Management: The U.K. Experience. Papers in Monetary Economics, Reserve Bank of Australia.</p><p>Helbing, D. (2014). Qualified Money: A Better Financial System for the Future. Available at SSRN 2526022.</p><p>Refer&#234;ncias bibliogr&#225;ficas pr&#243;prias:</p><p>Volume: </p><p>Rodrigues, D. O. (Ed.). (2021). Political and Economic Implications of Blockchain Technology in Business and Healthcare. IGI Global.</p><p>Cap&#237;tulos:</p><p>Rodrigues, D. O. (2011). Cyberethics of Business Social Networking. In Cruz-Cunha, M. M., Gon&#231;alves, P., Lopes, N., Miranda, E. M., &amp; Putnik, G. D. (Eds.), Handbook of Research on Business Social Networking: Organizational, Managerial, and Technological Dimensions. IGI Global.</p><p>Rodrigues, D. O. (2021a). Blockchanging Trust: Ethical Metamorphosis in Business and Healthcare. In Rodrigues (Ed.), Political and Economic Implications of Blockchain Technology in Business and Healthcare (pp. 1&#8211;41). IGI Global.</p><p>Rodrigues, D. O. (2021b). Blockchanging Money: Reengineering the Free World Incentive System. In Rodrigues (Ed.), Political and Economic Implications of Blockchain Technology in Business and Healthcare (pp. 69&#8211;117). IGI Global.</p><p>Rodrigues, D. O. (2021c). Blockchanging Politics: Opening a Trustworthy But Hazardous Reforming Era. In Rodrigues (Ed.), Political and Economic Implications of Blockchain Technology in Business and Healthcare. IGI Global.<br></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Trust in the Age of AI Is Not a Feeling; It Is an Infrastructure]]></title><description><![CDATA[When two adversaries do not trust each other, the solution is not to ask for trust. It is to build a mechanism that makes it unnecessary.]]></description><link>https://www.dariorodrigues.com/p/trust-in-the-age-of-ai-is-not-a-feeling</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.dariorodrigues.com/p/trust-in-the-age-of-ai-is-not-a-feeling</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Dario Rodrigues]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Wed, 04 Mar 2026 07:44:02 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KR8P!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F56e2ea75-98f0-4beb-9e49-ba97d27ad34d_2816x1536.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KR8P!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F56e2ea75-98f0-4beb-9e49-ba97d27ad34d_2816x1536.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KR8P!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F56e2ea75-98f0-4beb-9e49-ba97d27ad34d_2816x1536.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KR8P!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F56e2ea75-98f0-4beb-9e49-ba97d27ad34d_2816x1536.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KR8P!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F56e2ea75-98f0-4beb-9e49-ba97d27ad34d_2816x1536.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KR8P!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F56e2ea75-98f0-4beb-9e49-ba97d27ad34d_2816x1536.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KR8P!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F56e2ea75-98f0-4beb-9e49-ba97d27ad34d_2816x1536.png" width="1456" height="794" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/56e2ea75-98f0-4beb-9e49-ba97d27ad34d_2816x1536.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:794,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:9578801,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.dariorodrigues.com/i/189853244?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F56e2ea75-98f0-4beb-9e49-ba97d27ad34d_2816x1536.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KR8P!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F56e2ea75-98f0-4beb-9e49-ba97d27ad34d_2816x1536.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KR8P!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F56e2ea75-98f0-4beb-9e49-ba97d27ad34d_2816x1536.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KR8P!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F56e2ea75-98f0-4beb-9e49-ba97d27ad34d_2816x1536.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KR8P!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F56e2ea75-98f0-4beb-9e49-ba97d27ad34d_2816x1536.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><strong>The same company. Two attacks. One weekend.</strong></p><p>On a Sunday, three Chinese AI laboratories used 24,000 fake accounts to ask Claude 16 million questions, systematically extracting its most advanced capabilities to train rival models. On Tuesday, the U.S. Secretary of Defense summoned Anthropic&#8217;s CEO to the Pentagon with a 72-hour ultimatum: remove all restrictions on military use, or lose a $200 million contract and face sanctions severe enough to destroy the business.</p><p>The temptation is to pick a side. The responsible company against the reckless general. The pragmatic military against the idealist CEO. Neither version is true, and neither solves anything.</p><p>The real driver of this crisis is not bad faith. It is the absence of any mechanism to verify good faith. The Pentagon cannot prove to Anthropic that it will respect agreed limits. Anthropic cannot verify compliance without accessing classified operations. Each side, acting rationally within its own constraints, deepens the other&#8217;s suspicion. A cycle in which everyone loses, but no one has an incentive to change alone.</p><p>This is not a new problem. During the Cold War, the United States and the Soviet Union signed and honoured nuclear arms treaties not because they trusted each other, but because verification mechanisms made trust unnecessary. Inspectors, satellites, independent reports. Neither side believed in the other&#8217;s goodwill. Both believed in the mathematics of the instruments.</p><p>The same logic applies here. Cryptographic techniques already used in financial systems and digital identity, specifically zero-knowledge proofs, allow one party to prove to another that an agreed condition has been met, without revealing anything beyond that fact. The Pentagon could demonstrate that it used Claude within agreed parameters without disclosing a single operation. Anthropic could verify this without accessing any classified information. Certainty instead of suspicion. Mathematical proof instead of a political ultimatum.</p><p>The barrier is not technical. It is political. Verification requires each party to accept being verifiable, which means sharing power. Governments accustomed to operating without scrutiny on national security matters resist. Companies accustomed to setting unilateral terms of use resist, too.</p><p>Meanwhile, no autocratic adversary has lost a single day debating ethical limits. That asymmetry is, in itself, the most urgent argument for building what is missing: not better models, not faster adoption, but infrastructure that makes distrust unnecessary.</p><p>That, paradoxically, is an advantage only open societies can build. It requires transparency, mutual verification, and institutions willing to be scrutinised. Autocracies can build powerful AI. What they cannot build is verifiable trust.</p><p>That is the real competitive advantage of democracies in the age of artificial intelligence, if they have the clarity to use it.</p><div><hr></div><p><em>(This post expands on an article published today in Observador, Portugal&#8217;s leading online newspaper. The full piece, in Portuguese, is available <a href="https://observador.pt/opiniao/pentagono-vs-anthropic-o-buraco-negro-da-confianca-na-ia/">here</a>.)</em></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Code No Longer Merely Executes Orders. It Writes Them.]]></title><description><![CDATA[Why AI alignment is an incentive design problem, not a technical one.]]></description><link>https://www.dariorodrigues.com/p/code-no-longer-merely-executes-orders</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.dariorodrigues.com/p/code-no-longer-merely-executes-orders</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Dario Rodrigues]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Mon, 02 Mar 2026 08:44:13 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XQKP!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F21267d98-4c66-4f0f-a19e-d4fe7ace26f6_2816x1536.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XQKP!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F21267d98-4c66-4f0f-a19e-d4fe7ace26f6_2816x1536.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XQKP!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F21267d98-4c66-4f0f-a19e-d4fe7ace26f6_2816x1536.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XQKP!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F21267d98-4c66-4f0f-a19e-d4fe7ace26f6_2816x1536.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XQKP!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F21267d98-4c66-4f0f-a19e-d4fe7ace26f6_2816x1536.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XQKP!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F21267d98-4c66-4f0f-a19e-d4fe7ace26f6_2816x1536.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XQKP!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F21267d98-4c66-4f0f-a19e-d4fe7ace26f6_2816x1536.png" width="1456" height="794" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/21267d98-4c66-4f0f-a19e-d4fe7ace26f6_2816x1536.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:794,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:9264667,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.dariorodrigues.com/i/189629163?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F21267d98-4c66-4f0f-a19e-d4fe7ace26f6_2816x1536.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XQKP!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F21267d98-4c66-4f0f-a19e-d4fe7ace26f6_2816x1536.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XQKP!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F21267d98-4c66-4f0f-a19e-d4fe7ace26f6_2816x1536.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XQKP!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F21267d98-4c66-4f0f-a19e-d4fe7ace26f6_2816x1536.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XQKP!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F21267d98-4c66-4f0f-a19e-d4fe7ace26f6_2816x1536.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><div><hr></div><p>For most of the digital era, code was a tool. Engineers wrote instructions; machines executed them. The relationship was clear, hierarchical, and comfortably familiar. Code served human intent.</p><p>That relationship is over.</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.dariorodrigues.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Thanks for reading (De)Coding the Future! Subscribe for free to receive new posts and support my work.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p>Today&#8217;s AI agents don&#8217;t simply follow instructions. They interpret objectives, select strategies, and execute decisions at machine speed, often in ways their designers neither predicted nor intended. They are not tools. They are autonomous economic actors, operating within reward functions that define what counts as success.</p><p>And here lies the problem no one wants to name: those reward functions inherit the deepest structural flaw of our economic infrastructure. Money itself is a unidimensional scalar. It encodes price but not trust. Cost but not consequence. Value, but only on a single axis.</p><p>It was not always this way. Before the invention of coinage, economic exchange was embedded in networks of reciprocal obligation, reputation, and social meaning. Transactions carried multidimensional information: who you were, what you owed, what was owed to you, and what your community expected of you. Trust was not an externality; it was the medium itself. (I explore this pre-monetary architecture of trust in episodes <a href="https://youtu.be/nf29ZY-e9po">3</a> and <a href="https://youtu.be/pBHkrCY8758">4</a> of my video series on digital decentralization.)</p><p>The invention of money was an extraordinary feat of abstraction: it made exchange scalable by compressing all of that multidimensional information into a single number. But compression is lossy. What money gained in efficiency, it lost in dimensionality. Trust, reciprocity, social accountability, all were stripped from the transactional layer and delegated to institutions, culture, and individual conscience.</p><p>For centuries, this was a tolerable trade-off because human judgment filled the gaps. Humans could look beyond the price tag. They could weigh consequences that no ledger recorded. They could choose not to optimize.</p><p>AI agents cannot. When autonomous agents operate within an economic system built on a unidimensional scalar, they optimize for that scalar with a thoroughness no human ever could. There are no gaps to fill. There is only the number. Every externality that human judgment once caught, every ethical consideration that lived outside the transaction, becomes invisible to the agent. Not because the agent is flawed, but because the incentive architecture is.</p><p>The AI safety community calls this &#8220;alignment.&#8221; I call it something simpler: an incentive architecture problem. And it did not begin with AI. It began with the invention of money. AI merely strips away the human buffer that made the unidimensionality tolerable. But human labor is being replaced&#8230;</p><p>This is what programmable trust makes possible: blockchain and distributed ledger technologies are not primarily financial instruments (despite what the crypto hype cycle suggests). They are trust infrastructures: systems that can embed verifiable commitments, conditional incentives, and governance rules directly into the transactional layer. Combined with AI, they offer something unprecedented: the ability to rebuild what money destroyed (see the two links above), to re-encode into economic transactions the multidimensional information that coinage compressed into a single scalar.</p><p>This is the territory I have been mapping for the past fifteen years, first through the Cyberethics-Mix framework (Privacy, Property, Precision, Pervasiveness), then through research on <a href="https://www.igi-global.com/book/political-economic-implications-blockchain-technology/262683">blockchain governance</a>, and now through my postdoctoral work on Artificial Intelligence and Trust Infrastructures at Universidade do Algarve.</p><p>This publication is where I think about these questions in public. Not as a newsletter with a fixed schedule, but as an evolving body of work. Some posts will be long arguments. Others will be short provocations. All will circle the same core question:</p><p>How do we design systems where autonomous agents optimize for more than one dimension of value?</p><p>If that question interests you, subscribe. If it doesn&#8217;t, you now know where I stand.</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.dariorodrigues.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Thanks for reading (De)Coding the Future! Subscribe for free to receive new posts and support my work.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Quando a Decisão Deixa de Ter Rosto]]></title><description><![CDATA[O pr&#243;ximo Presidente da Rep&#250;blica ter&#225; invulgar import&#226;ncia porque o centro das decis&#245;es que afetam as pessoas deslocar-se-&#225; para fora dos lugares onde a democracia sempre aprendeu a reconhec&#234;-las.]]></description><link>https://www.dariorodrigues.com/p/descodificar-o-futuro-11-quando-a</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.dariorodrigues.com/p/descodificar-o-futuro-11-quando-a</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Dario Rodrigues]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Wed, 31 Dec 2025 07:33:43 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZI1u!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb7cdf0a4-69ec-4be2-9aea-efb81097889c_1536x1024.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<h5><strong>&#127477;&#127481; Edi&#231;&#227;o Portuguesa &#8212; English version <a href="https://dariorodrigues.substack.com/p/decoding-the-future-11-when-decisions">here</a>.</strong></h5><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZI1u!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb7cdf0a4-69ec-4be2-9aea-efb81097889c_1536x1024.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZI1u!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb7cdf0a4-69ec-4be2-9aea-efb81097889c_1536x1024.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZI1u!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb7cdf0a4-69ec-4be2-9aea-efb81097889c_1536x1024.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZI1u!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb7cdf0a4-69ec-4be2-9aea-efb81097889c_1536x1024.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZI1u!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb7cdf0a4-69ec-4be2-9aea-efb81097889c_1536x1024.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZI1u!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb7cdf0a4-69ec-4be2-9aea-efb81097889c_1536x1024.png" width="1456" height="971" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/b7cdf0a4-69ec-4be2-9aea-efb81097889c_1536x1024.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:971,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:2680964,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://dariorodrigues.substack.com/i/183032644?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb7cdf0a4-69ec-4be2-9aea-efb81097889c_1536x1024.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZI1u!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb7cdf0a4-69ec-4be2-9aea-efb81097889c_1536x1024.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZI1u!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb7cdf0a4-69ec-4be2-9aea-efb81097889c_1536x1024.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZI1u!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb7cdf0a4-69ec-4be2-9aea-efb81097889c_1536x1024.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZI1u!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb7cdf0a4-69ec-4be2-9aea-efb81097889c_1536x1024.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Nos pr&#243;ximos cinco anos, o Presidente da Rep&#250;blica ter&#225; uma import&#226;ncia ainda maior. N&#227;o por vir a governar mais, mas porque o centro real das decis&#245;es que afetam a vida das pessoas est&#225; a deslocar-se para fora dos lugares onde a democracia sempre aprendeu a reconhec&#234;-las.</p><p>Durante s&#233;culos, mesmo nas sociedades mais burocr&#225;ticas, as decis&#245;es relevantes eram sempre tomadas por pessoas. Podiam ser injustas ou erradas, mas tinham um autor identific&#225;vel. Hoje, come&#231;a a tornar-se normal que decis&#245;es com impacto real surjam como resultados autom&#225;ticos: notifica&#231;&#245;es, classifica&#231;&#245;es ou recusas emitidas por sistemas que ningu&#233;m consulta no momento em que decidem.</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.dariorodrigues.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Obrigado por ler (Des)Codificar o Futuro! Subscreva para receber novas publica&#231;&#245;es.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p>A discuss&#227;o (que n&#227;o est&#225; a ser feita) em torno do euro digital que se avizinha ilustra bem esta mudan&#231;a. Independentemente da forma final que venha a assumir, tornar&#225; tecnicamente poss&#237;vel algo novo: que regras monet&#225;rias, restri&#231;&#245;es ou incentivos sejam aplicados automaticamente a cada cidad&#227;o em particular, sem um ato humano espec&#237;fico no momento das decis&#245;es que afetam a sua carteira digital. Isto marca uma rutura. O futuro pr&#243;ximo n&#227;o ser&#225; uma reedi&#231;&#227;o do passado, porque o pr&#243;prio lugar onde as decis&#245;es s&#227;o tomadas est&#225; a mudar.</p><p>At&#233; aqui, quando fal&#225;vamos de &#8220;escala&#8221;, refer&#237;amos-nos a decis&#245;es iguais aplicadas a muitos. O que muda com sistemas autom&#225;ticos de IA &#233; outra coisa: a capacidade de aplicar regras gerais de forma diferente a cada pessoa, em tempo real. O alcance deixa de ser apenas sobre quantos s&#227;o afetados pelas decis&#245;es, pois estas passam a poder atingir, de forma personalizada, cada cidad&#227;o.</p><p>&#201; neste contexto que se torna vis&#237;vel uma fragilidade silenciosa do nosso aparelho democr&#225;tico. A Constitui&#231;&#227;o foi concebida para um mundo de decis&#245;es humanas, identific&#225;veis e contest&#225;veis. Quando as decis&#245;es passam a ser executadas por sistemas autom&#225;ticos inteligentes, os direitos mant&#234;m-se no texto, mas perdem efic&#225;cia pr&#225;tica: j&#225; n&#227;o &#233; claro quem decide, a quem pedir explica&#231;&#245;es ou onde exercer contradit&#243;rio.</p><p>Diante disso, a resposta n&#227;o &#233; uma revis&#227;o constitucional. O problema n&#227;o est&#225; na falta de leis, mas na desloca&#231;&#227;o do poder para processos que operam fora do alcance normal da responsabilidade democr&#225;tica. Quando o poder deixa de ter rosto, o legalismo chega sempre tarde.</p><p>Mesmo quando o impacto da tecnologia foi raramente mencionado no espa&#231;o p&#250;blico, o enquadramento manteve-se gen&#233;rico, centrado na adapta&#231;&#227;o e na requalifica&#231;&#227;o profissional. Sem retirar m&#233;rito de quem, pelo menos, tocou no assunto (s&#243; detetei o caso de&nbsp;<strong>Cotrim de Figueiredo</strong>), isso revela, sobretudo, a dificuldade coletiva em formular o problema quando o que est&#225; em causa &#233; a transforma&#231;&#227;o dos pr&#243;prios mecanismos de decis&#227;o, de responsabilidade e de poder.</p><p>&#201; aqui que a magistratura de influ&#234;ncia se torna decisiva: a capacidade institucional de evidenciar, perante a opini&#227;o p&#250;blica, onde e como as decis&#245;es s&#227;o tomadas antes de se normalizarem sem escrut&#237;nio. Decis&#245;es inteligentes no plano instrumental podem ser obtusas no plano democr&#225;tico e at&#233; do ponto de vista humano. No tempo que se avizinha, o discernimento &#233;tico e c&#237;vico contar&#225; mais do que a experi&#234;ncia pol&#237;tica ou a mera capacidade de media&#231;&#227;o de interesses.</p><p>Esse papel j&#225; foi exercido entre n&#243;s. Em 2021, o Presidente da Rep&#250;blica vetou um diploma que permitiria o uso de tecnologias de reconhecimento facial em espa&#231;os p&#250;blicos. N&#227;o o fez por rejeitar a tecnologia, mas por considerar que as garantias oferecidas aos cidad&#227;os eram insuficientes. O veto n&#227;o resolveu o problema t&#233;cnico, mas impediu que decis&#245;es autom&#225;ticas, com impacto direto sobre pessoas concretas, se tornassem normais sem debate p&#250;blico e sem responsabilidade claramente assumida.</p><p>Estes problemas n&#227;o s&#227;o novos, mas a IA torna-os incomparavelmente mais intensos. Nos Pa&#237;ses Baixos, sistemas autom&#225;ticos usados para detectar fraude em subs&#237;dios classificaram milhares de fam&#237;lias como culpadas, sem defesa eficaz, repetindo o erro, caso a caso, at&#233; que os danos se tornaram irrevers&#237;veis. Hoje, algo semelhante acontece na liberdade de express&#227;o: sistemas autom&#225;ticos decidem quem &#233; removido, limitado ou tornado invis&#237;vel nas plataformas digitais, em tempo real e de forma diferente para cada pessoa. A novidade n&#227;o &#233; o erro; &#233; a sua velocidade, repeti&#231;&#227;o e profundidade. Quando estas decis&#245;es se tornam infraestrutura, corrigir depois j&#225; n&#227;o chega.</p><p>As democracias raramente colapsam quando algu&#233;m decide demais.<br>Colapsam quando ningu&#233;m decide e ningu&#233;m responde.</p><p>&#201; desse ponto silencioso e fatal para a democracia que nos aproximamos.</p><p></p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.dariorodrigues.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Obrigado por ler (Des)Codificar o Futuro! Subscreva para receber novas publica&#231;&#245;es.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[When Decisions Lose Their Face]]></title><description><![CDATA[Portugal&#8217;s next president will have unusual importance because the center of decisions that affect people will shift away from the places where democracy has always learned to recognize them.]]></description><link>https://www.dariorodrigues.com/p/decoding-the-future-11-when-decisions</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.dariorodrigues.com/p/decoding-the-future-11-when-decisions</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Dario Rodrigues]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Wed, 31 Dec 2025 07:28:09 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gB7L!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9f0547a3-7833-4921-b36c-a5aee33da2c8_1536x1024.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<h5><strong>&#127468;&#127463; English Edition &#8212; Portuguese version <a href="https://dariorodrigues.substack.com/p/descodificar-o-futuro-11-quando-a">here</a>.</strong></h5><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gB7L!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9f0547a3-7833-4921-b36c-a5aee33da2c8_1536x1024.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gB7L!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9f0547a3-7833-4921-b36c-a5aee33da2c8_1536x1024.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gB7L!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9f0547a3-7833-4921-b36c-a5aee33da2c8_1536x1024.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gB7L!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9f0547a3-7833-4921-b36c-a5aee33da2c8_1536x1024.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gB7L!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9f0547a3-7833-4921-b36c-a5aee33da2c8_1536x1024.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gB7L!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9f0547a3-7833-4921-b36c-a5aee33da2c8_1536x1024.png" width="1456" height="971" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gB7L!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9f0547a3-7833-4921-b36c-a5aee33da2c8_1536x1024.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gB7L!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9f0547a3-7833-4921-b36c-a5aee33da2c8_1536x1024.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gB7L!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9f0547a3-7833-4921-b36c-a5aee33da2c8_1536x1024.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gB7L!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9f0547a3-7833-4921-b36c-a5aee33da2c8_1536x1024.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Over the next five years, the President of the Republic will assume an even greater importance. Not because the office will govern more, but because the real centre of decisions that affect people&#8217;s lives is moving away from the places where democracy has traditionally learned to recognise them.</p><p>For centuries, even in the most bureaucratic societies, relevant decisions were always made by people. They could be unjust or wrong, but they had an identifiable author. Today, it is becoming normal for decisions with real impact to emerge as automatic outputs: notifications, classifications, or refusals issued by systems that no one consults at the moment they decide.</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.dariorodrigues.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Thanks for reading (De)Coding the Future! Subscribe for free to receive new posts and support my work.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p>The discussion (which is not taking place) about the digital euro ahead illustrates this shift well. Regardless of the final form it may take, it will make something new technically possible: monetary rules, restrictions, or incentives being applied automatically to each citizen, without a specific human act at the moment decisions affecting their digital wallet are made. This marks a rupture. The near future will not be a re-edition of the past, because the very place where decisions are taken is changing.</p><p>Until now, when we spoke of &#8220;scale,&#8221; we referred to identical decisions applied to many. What changes with automated AI systems is something else entirely: the ability to apply general rules differently to each person, in real time. Scale is no longer merely about how many are affected by decisions, but about how each citizen can be affected in a personalised way.</p><p>It is in this context that a silent fragility of our democratic apparatus becomes visible. The Constitution was designed for a world of human decisions&#8212;identifiable and contestable. When decisions are executed by automated intelligent systems, rights remain in the text but lose practical effectiveness: it is no longer clear who decides, whom to ask for explanations, or where to exercise the right of challenge.</p><p>In light of this, the answer is not a constitutional revision. The problem is not the lack of laws, but the displacement of power toward processes that operate outside the normal reach of democratic accountability. When power loses its face, legalism always arrives too late.</p><p>Even when the impact of technology was rarely mentioned in the public sphere, the framing remained generic, centred on adaptation and professional re-skilling. Without detracting from the merit of those who at least touched on the issue (I detected only the case of Cotrim de Figueiredo), this mainly reveals a collective difficulty in formulating the problem, when what is at stake is the transformation of the very mechanisms of decision-making, responsibility, and power.</p><p>This is where magistracy of influence becomes decisive: the institutional capacity to demonstrate, before public opinion, where and how decisions are made before they normalize without scrutiny. Intelligent decisions at the instrumental level can be obtuse at the democratic level and even from a human perspective. In the time ahead, ethical and civic discernment will matter more than political experience or the mere ability to mediate interests. </p><p>That role has already been exercised among us. In 2021, the President of the Republic vetoed a bill that would have allowed the use of facial recognition technologies in public spaces. This was not a rejection of the technology itself, but a judgment that the safeguards offered to citizens were insufficient. The veto did not solve the technical problem. Still, it prevented automated decisions with direct impact on concrete individuals from becoming the norm without public debate or clear assumption of responsibility.</p><p>These problems are not new, but AI makes them incomparably more intense. In the Netherlands, automated systems used to detect fraud in social benefits classified thousands of families as guilty without effective means of defence, repeating the error case by case until the damage became irreversible. Today, something similar happens with freedom of expression: automated systems decide who is removed, limited, or made invisible on digital platforms, in real time and in different ways for each person. What is new is not the error, but its speed, repetition, and depth. Once these decisions become part of the infrastructure, correcting them afterwards is no longer enough.</p><p>Democracies rarely collapse when someone decides too much.<br>They collapse when no one decides, and no one is accountable.</p><p>We are approaching that silent and fatal point for democracy.</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.dariorodrigues.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Thanks for reading (De)Coding the Future! Subscribe for free to receive new posts and support my work.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[🗞️ O Sentido do Dinheiro na Era da Inteligência Exponencial]]></title><description><![CDATA[&#127477;&#127481; Edi&#231;&#227;o Portuguesa &#8212; English version here.]]></description><link>https://www.dariorodrigues.com/p/descodificar-o-futuro-10</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.dariorodrigues.com/p/descodificar-o-futuro-10</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Dario Rodrigues]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Fri, 14 Nov 2025 13:59:52 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CFH6!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F25febe92-a811-4000-939a-bfdc124e39e8_720x872.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<h5><strong>&#127477;&#127481; Edi&#231;&#227;o Portuguesa &#8212; English version <a href="https://dariorodrigues.substack.com/p/decoding-the-future-10">here</a>.<br></strong></h5><p>&#8220;Quando o trabalho aprende a pensar, o dinheiro deve aprender a fazer sentido.&#8221;<br>Dario Rodrigues </p><div><hr></div><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CFH6!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F25febe92-a811-4000-939a-bfdc124e39e8_720x872.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CFH6!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F25febe92-a811-4000-939a-bfdc124e39e8_720x872.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CFH6!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F25febe92-a811-4000-939a-bfdc124e39e8_720x872.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CFH6!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F25febe92-a811-4000-939a-bfdc124e39e8_720x872.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CFH6!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F25febe92-a811-4000-939a-bfdc124e39e8_720x872.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CFH6!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F25febe92-a811-4000-939a-bfdc124e39e8_720x872.png" width="720" height="872" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/25febe92-a811-4000-939a-bfdc124e39e8_720x872.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:872,&quot;width&quot;:720,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:936965,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://dariorodrigues.substack.com/i/178870248?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F25febe92-a811-4000-939a-bfdc124e39e8_720x872.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CFH6!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F25febe92-a811-4000-939a-bfdc124e39e8_720x872.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CFH6!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F25febe92-a811-4000-939a-bfdc124e39e8_720x872.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CFH6!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F25febe92-a811-4000-939a-bfdc124e39e8_720x872.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CFH6!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F25febe92-a811-4000-939a-bfdc124e39e8_720x872.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h2>O Sentido do Dinheiro na Era da Intelig&#234;ncia</h2><h4>Durante s&#233;culos, a economia assentou nos tr&#234;s fatores de produ&#231;&#227;o: terra, trabalho e capital.</h4><p>Tudo o que a humanidade construiu &#8212; do trigo &#224; Internet &#8212; nasceu deste trin&#243;mio primordial, hoje sintetizado no bin&#243;mio <strong>Trabalho + Capital</strong>.</p><p>Agora, pela primeira vez na hist&#243;ria, <strong>um dos fatores de produ&#231;&#227;o aprendeu a pensar</strong>:<br><em><strong>O Trabalho deixou de ser uma fun&#231;&#227;o exclusivamente humana.<br></strong></em><br><strong>Passaram a existir sistemas artificiais inteligentes que n&#227;o apenas executam, mas tamb&#233;m interpretam, decidem e criam. N&#227;o s&#227;o meras ferramentas, s&#227;o AGENTES!</strong><br><br>Na <a href="https://dariorodrigues.substack.com/p/newsletter-9-descodificar-o-futuro">edi&#231;&#227;o n&#186; 9</a>, vimos que o emprego se torna uma fun&#231;&#227;o cognitiva automatizada. <br><strong>Se o Trabalho muda desta forma,</strong> o que acontece ao outro fator de produ&#231;&#227;o?<br><strong>O que acontece ao Capital?</strong></p><p>A resposta emerge como a grande quest&#227;o civilizacional do nosso tempo:<br><strong>O dinheiro precisa de recuperar o sentido perdido com a inven&#231;&#227;o da moeda.<br><br>Nota do autor: para quem pensa que o dinheiro nasceu com a cria&#231;&#227;o da moeda, recomendo esta <a href="https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL5lH3lI2b1GLA0Na23V8DXPU9weNq-Wn8">s&#233;rie de v&#237;deos</a> (2024), em particular os epis&#243;dios 3 e 4.<br>Ainda como sugest&#227;o de investiga&#231;&#227;o, deixo esta <a href="https://www.igi-global.com/chapter/blockchanging-money/282336">refer&#234;ncia cient&#237;fica</a> (2021). </strong></p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.dariorodrigues.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Obrigado por ler a minha newsletter. Subscreva!</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><div><hr></div><h3>&#129513; <strong>Quando o dinheiro deixou de ter alma</strong></h3><p>Sobretudo durante o s&#233;culo XX, o valor do capital foi reduzido a tr&#234;s coisas:</p><ul><li><p><strong>quantidade</strong>,</p></li><li><p><strong>acumula&#231;&#227;o</strong>,</p></li><li><p><strong>rendibilidade</strong>.</p></li></ul><p>O valor em quest&#227;o tornou-se um n&#250;mero sem mem&#243;ria: um saldo que nada revela sobre o que melhora, transforma ou reverte em benef&#237;cio da sociedade.<br>Como comprovado at&#233; &#224; exaust&#227;o, o lucro financeiro n&#227;o significa cria&#231;&#227;o, mas sim <strong>extra&#231;&#227;o de valor</strong>, gerando preju&#237;zos claros para as pr&#243;prias comunidades &#8212; n&#227;o fossem as guerras, para alguns, neg&#243;cios extraordinariamente lucrativos.</p><p>O dinheiro perdeu a alma &#8212; restou-lhe apenas a vertigem da velocidade.</p><p>Isto j&#225; seria suficientemente grave, mas tudo pode piorar quando o trabalho deixa de ser esfor&#231;o humano, pois o pr&#243;prio <strong>valor deixa de ter onde ancorar-se eticamente</strong>.<br>Na verdade, pode colapsar a rela&#231;&#227;o hist&#243;rica &#8220;trabalho &#8594; rendimento &#8594; vida&#8221;.<br>E isso obriga-nos a perguntar o que nunca pergunt&#225;mos:<br><br><em><strong>O que justifica o valor do dinheiro quando ele j&#225; n&#227;o representa trabalho humano?</strong></em></p><div><hr></div><h3>&#129504; <strong>A muta&#231;&#227;o silenciosa do capital</strong></h3><p>No ensaio visual <em><a href="https://youtu.be/7LeJyylrNis">A Future We Can Trust</a></em>, antevemos a resposta:<br>O capital n&#227;o pode continuar a ser apenas uma medida de posse &#8212; tem de tornar-se uma medida de <strong>prop&#243;sito</strong>.</p><p>Assim, o dinheiro <strong>recome&#231;a</strong> (tal como acontecia nos pequenos agrupamentos humanos de uma ancestral era pr&#233;-monet&#225;ria) a ser avaliado por tr&#234;s crit&#233;rios:</p><ol><li><p><strong>O bem que produz</strong></p></li><li><p><strong>O impacto que devolve</strong></p></li><li><p><strong>A confian&#231;a que gera</strong></p></li></ol><p>Esta mudan&#231;a ultrapassa a teoria &#8212; &#233; um <strong>retorno ao valor na sua forma original, quando <a href="https://youtu.be/nf29ZY-e9po">o dinheiro era, antes de tudo, um v&#237;nculo moral</a></strong>, indissoci&#225;vel do valor veiculado.<br><br>O matem&#225;tico e empreendedor <strong>Emad Mostaque aponta o mesmo caminho</strong>, antevendo o fim da economia tal e qual a conhecemos. Segundo ele, com o advento da intelig&#234;ncia exponencial e a automa&#231;&#227;o do trabalho cognitivo, o sistema capitalista s&#243; ser&#225; sustent&#225;vel se o capital passar a ser programado com prop&#243;sitos humanos orientados a benef&#237;cios concretos. Eu acrescento que apenas a descentraliza&#231;&#227;o digital de tais prop&#243;sitos poder&#225; defender a democracia.<br> <br><a href="https://ii.inc/web">O seu projeto</a> coloca em pr&#225;tica <a href="https://www.igi-global.com/book/political-economic-implications-blockchain-technology/262683">ideias simples, reformadoras e at&#233; revolucion&#225;rias</a>:</p><blockquote><p><strong>O valor deve ser rastre&#225;vel, verific&#225;vel e orientado a benef&#237;cios</strong>, n&#227;o apenas ao lucro meramente extrativo.</p></blockquote><p>Na vis&#227;o de Mostaque, <strong>o dinheiro do futuro n&#227;o ser&#225; apenas digital, mas tamb&#233;m&nbsp;intencional </strong>(program&#225;vel), por meio de contratos inteligentes (<em>smart contracts</em>) na nova <a href="http://ii.inc">Internet Inteligente</a>, expressando impacto social, ambiental e humano por meio de m&#233;tricas transparentes e algoritmos de confian&#231;a autoexecut&#225;veis.<br><br>A IA deixa de ser o problema e passa a ser a solu&#231;&#227;o &#8212; nomeadamente ao devolver alma ao capital de confian&#231;a &#233;tica que o dinheiro deveria representar (algo que, claramente, hoje n&#227;o faz).</p><div><hr></div><h4>O dinheiro perdeu a alma &#8212; restou-lhe apenas a vertigem da velocidade.</h4><h3>&#129517; <strong>A terap&#234;utica necess&#225;ria: valor no prop&#243;sito</strong></h3><p>Se o trabalho &#233; uma fun&#231;&#227;o algor&#237;tmica, ent&#227;o a economia precisa de outro princ&#237;pio organizador que n&#227;o o lucro imediato. Se o <em>Trabalho</em> passa a dispensar os seres humanos, ent&#227;o &#233; o <em>Capital</em> que tem de incorporar princ&#237;pios humanos.</p><p>O princ&#237;pio subjacente a tal requisito &#233; claro:<br><strong>O valor n&#227;o deve ser despesa ou receita &#8212; deve ser sentido e consequ&#234;ncia.</strong></p><p>Tal desiderato implica duas transforma&#231;&#245;es essenciais:</p><h4><strong>1. O dinheiro torna-se transparente face ao prop&#243;sito.</strong></h4><p>Com IA, blockchain e contabilidade de rastreabilidade total dos fluxos financeiros, o capital torna-se verific&#225;vel do ponto de vista moral. <br>Mais: gra&#231;as &#224; pr&#243;pria arquitetura da blockchain, esse acompanhamento pode ser realizado com garantias robustas de seguran&#231;a e privacidade. <br>Assim, o dinheiro pode tornar-se moralmente impoluto: sabendo-se para onde vai, o que financia e qual o seu impacto &#233;tico.</p><h4><strong>2. O investimento transforma-se em curadoria do futuro.</strong></h4><p>A voz do dono do capital deixa de responder &#224; pergunta &#8216;Quanto rende?&#8217; e passa a perguntar &#8216;Que mundo cria?&#8217;<br>&#201; aqui que o dinheiro volta a ter alma &#8212; quando se torna um ve&#237;culo de significado, e j&#225; n&#227;o apenas de retorno financeiro.</p><div><hr></div><h3>&#128293; <strong>Conclus&#227;o</strong></h3><p>O s&#233;culo XXI n&#227;o ser&#225; definido pela tecnologia que criamos, mas pelo sentido que damos ao valor de troca que circula na sociedade. Com a entrada do capital circulante em blockchains apoiadas por intelig&#234;ncia artificial, o dinheiro deixa de ser apenas um n&#250;mero e passa a transportar tamb&#233;m o que representa &#8212; como utilidade, impacto ou benef&#237;cio real &#8212; tudo na mesma unidade monet&#225;ria. </p><p>A IA permite avaliar esses impactos de forma sustent&#225;vel, cont&#237;nua e objetiva, fazendo com que cada token una e integre <em>valor de troca </em>(o que o dinheiro permite comprar) e <em>valor de uso</em> (o que o dinheiro realmente faz ou melhora).</p><p><em><strong>Assim, o capital torna-se transparente e orientado a prop&#243;sitos verdadeiramente humanos.</strong></em></p><p>O primeiro fator de produ&#231;&#227;o &#8212; o trabalho &#8212; j&#225; aprendeu a pensar.<br>Agora cabe ao segundo &#8212; o capital &#8212; <strong>aprender a devolver sentido humano &#224; sociedade</strong>. Esta mudan&#231;a &#233; poss&#237;vel com o novo dinheiro digital program&#225;vel, mas tudo depende de quem o programar. Por isso, a grande divis&#227;o pol&#237;tica do nosso tempo j&#225; n&#227;o &#233; entre esquerda e direita, mas entre abertura e opacidade digitais &#8212; entre descentraliza&#231;&#227;o e centraliza&#231;&#227;o.</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.dariorodrigues.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Obrigado por ler a minha newsletter! Subscreva!</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[The Meaning of Money in the Age of Exponential Intelligence]]></title><description><![CDATA[&#127468;&#127463; English Edition &#8212; Portuguese version here.]]></description><link>https://www.dariorodrigues.com/p/decoding-the-future-10</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.dariorodrigues.com/p/decoding-the-future-10</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Dario Rodrigues]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Fri, 14 Nov 2025 13:58:49 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!F6RK!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc691ebac-7f26-4fc3-a8ea-edbc7767ddc4_1024x1024.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<h5><strong>&#127468;&#127463; English Edition &#8212; Portuguese version <a href="https://dariorodrigues.substack.com/p/descodificar-o-futuro-10">here</a>.<br></strong></h5><p><strong>&#8220;When labour learns to think, money must learn to make sense.&#8221;</strong></p><p>Dario Rodrigues </p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.dariorodrigues.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Thanks for reading Dario's Substack! Subscribe for free to receive new posts and support my work.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!F6RK!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc691ebac-7f26-4fc3-a8ea-edbc7767ddc4_1024x1024.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!F6RK!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc691ebac-7f26-4fc3-a8ea-edbc7767ddc4_1024x1024.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!F6RK!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc691ebac-7f26-4fc3-a8ea-edbc7767ddc4_1024x1024.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!F6RK!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc691ebac-7f26-4fc3-a8ea-edbc7767ddc4_1024x1024.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!F6RK!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc691ebac-7f26-4fc3-a8ea-edbc7767ddc4_1024x1024.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!F6RK!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc691ebac-7f26-4fc3-a8ea-edbc7767ddc4_1024x1024.png" width="1024" height="1024" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!F6RK!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc691ebac-7f26-4fc3-a8ea-edbc7767ddc4_1024x1024.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!F6RK!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc691ebac-7f26-4fc3-a8ea-edbc7767ddc4_1024x1024.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!F6RK!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc691ebac-7f26-4fc3-a8ea-edbc7767ddc4_1024x1024.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!F6RK!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc691ebac-7f26-4fc3-a8ea-edbc7767ddc4_1024x1024.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h2>The Meaning of Money in the Age of Intelligence</h2><p>For centuries, the economy rested on the three production factors: <strong>Land, Labor, and Capital</strong>.</p><p>Everything humanity has built &#8212; from wheat to the Internet &#8212; emerged from this primordial trinity, which today survives mostly as a simplified pair: <strong>Labor + Capital</strong>.</p><p>Now, for the first time in history, <strong>one of these factors has learned to think</strong>.</p><p><em><strong>Labor is no longer an exclusively human function.</strong></em></p><p>Artificial intelligence systems now exist that not only execute tasks but also interpret, decide, and create.</p><p>They are not mere tools &#8212; they are <strong>AGENTS</strong>.</p><p>In <a href="https://dariorodrigues.substack.com/p/decoding-the-future-9">Issue n&#186; 9</a>, we saw that employment becomes an automated cognitive function.</p><p>So if <strong>Labor</strong> changes in this way, what happens to the other factor of production?</p><p>What happens to <strong>Capital</strong>?</p><p>The answer emerges as the great civilizational question of our time:</p><p><strong>Money must recover the sense it lost with the invention of coinage.</strong></p><p><em>Author&#8217;s note:</em> For those who still believe money was born with coinage, I recommend this <a href="https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL5lH3lI2b1GLA0Na23V8DXPU9weNq-Wn8">2024 video series</a> (especially episodes 3 and 4). For further study, you may look at this <a href="https://www.igi-global.com/chapter/blockchanging-money/282336">scientific reference</a> (2021).</p><h3><strong>&#129513; When Money Lost Its Soul</strong></h3><p>Especially throughout the 20th century, the value of <em>capital </em>was reduced to three things:</p><ul><li><p><strong>Quantity</strong></p></li><li><p><strong>Accumulation</strong></p></li><li><p><strong>Profitability</strong></p></li></ul><p>Value became a number without memory: a balance revealing nothing about what it improves, transforms, or returns to society.</p><p>As exhaustively demonstrated, financial profit often does not mean creation but rather <strong>the extraction of value</strong>, generating clear harm to communities themselves &#8212; wars, after all, remain extraordinarily lucrative businesses for some.</p><p><strong>Money lost its soul &#8212; all that remained was the vertigo of speed.</strong></p><p>This moral concern would already be serious enough, but matters worsen when <em>labor</em> ceases to be a human effort, because <strong>value itself loses its ethical anchor</strong>.</p><p>The historical chain &#8220;labor &#8594; income &#8594; life&#8221; shows signs of collapse.</p><p>And this forces us to ask what we have never asked:</p><p><em><strong>What justifies the value of money when it no longer represents human work?</strong></em></p><h3><strong>&#129504; The Silent Mutation of Capital</strong></h3><p>In the visual essay <em><a href="https://youtu.be/MhsPv_lUPCw">A Future We Can Trust</a></em>, we glimpse the answer:</p><p>Capital can no longer be merely a measure of possession &#8212; it must become a measure of <strong>purpose</strong>.</p><p>Thus, money again (as in the small human groups of a pre-monetary era) begins to be assessed according to three criteria:</p><ul><li><p><strong>The good it produces</strong></p></li><li><p><strong>The impact it returns</strong></p></li><li><p><strong>The trust it generates</strong></p></li></ul><p>This transformation goes beyond theory &#8212; it is a return to value in its original form, <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nf29ZY-e9po">when money was above all a </a><strong><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nf29ZY-e9po">moral bond</a></strong>, inseparable from the meaning it conveyed.</p><p>Mathematician and entrepreneur <strong>Emad Mostaque</strong> points in the same direction, foreseeing the end of the economy as we know it.</p><p>According to him, with the advent of exponential intelligence and the automation of cognitive labor, the capitalist system will only remain sustainable if capital becomes purpose-programmed and oriented toward genuinely human benefit. I would add that only the <em>digital decentralization of such purposes</em> can safeguard democracy.</p><p><a href="https://ii.inc/web">His project</a> puts into practice simple, <a href="https://www.igi-global.com/book/political-economic-implications-blockchain-technology/262683">reformative, and even revolutionary principles</a>:</p><p><strong>Value must be traceable, verifiable, and oriented toward benefits &#8212; not merely extractive profit.</strong></p><p>In Mostaque&#8217;s vision, the money of the future will not only be digital but also <strong>intentional</strong> (programmable), through smart contracts in the new <a href="https://www.igi-global.com/book/political-economic-implications-blockchain-technology/262683">Intelligent Internet</a>, expressing social, environmental, and human impact through transparent metrics and self-executing trust algorithms.</p><p>AI ceases to be the problem and becomes the solution &#8212; namely, by <strong>restoring soul to the trust-capital that money is meant to ethically represent</strong> (something it obviously does not do today).</p><h3><strong>&#129517; The Necessary Remedy: Value as Purpose</strong></h3><p>If labor itself becomes an algorithmic function, then the economy needs a new organising principle that is not immediate profit.</p><p>If labor becomes an algorithmic function, then the economy needs a different organising principle than immediate profit.<strong> If Labor begins to dispense with human beings, then it is Capital that must once again incorporate human principles.</strong></p><p>The principle underlying this requirement is clear:</p><p><strong>Value should not be an expense or a revenue; it should be meaning and consequence.</strong></p><p><strong>This aim entails two essential transformations:</strong></p><h4><strong>1. Money becomes transparent to purpose.</strong></h4><p>With AI, blockchain, and full traceability of financial flows, capital becomes morally verifiable.</p><p>More: thanks to blockchain&#8217;s very architecture, such verification can be carried out with robust guarantees of privacy and security.</p><p>Thus, money can become ethically clean: we can know where it goes, what it finances, and its moral impact.</p><h4><strong>2. Investment becomes curation of the future.</strong></h4><p>The voice of Capital&#8217;s owner stops answering the question <em>&#8220;How much does it yield?&#8221;</em> and begins to ask <em>&#8220;What world does it create?&#8221;</em></p><p>That is when money regains its soul &#8212; when it becomes a vehicle of meaning, not merely of financial return.</p><h3><strong>&#128293; Conclusion</strong></h3><p>The 21st century will not be defined by the technology we create, but by the <strong>meaning we give to the value that circulates in society</strong>.</p><p>With circulating capital entering AI-powered blockchains, money ceases to be just a number. It begins to carry what it represents &#8212; utility, impact, real benefit &#8212; all within the same monetary unit.</p><p>AI allows these impacts to be assessed sustainably, continuously, and objectively, enabling each token to unite and integrate <strong>exchange value</strong> (what money allows purchase) and <strong>use value</strong> (what money actually does or improves).</p><p><em><strong>Capital thus will become transparent and aligned with truly human purposes.</strong></em></p><p>The first factor of production &#8212; <strong>Labor</strong> &#8212; has learned to think.</p><p>The second &#8212; <strong>Capital</strong> &#8212; must now learn to <strong>return meaning to society</strong>.</p><p>This change is possible with programmable digital money, and everything depends on <strong>who programs it</strong>. Therefore, the great political divide of our time is no longer between left and right but between digital openness and digital opacity &#8212; between decentralization and centralization.<br><br><strong>Dario Rodrigues</strong></p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.dariorodrigues.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Thanks for reading Dario's Substack! Subscribe for free to receive new posts and support my work.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[🧭 The End of Cognitive "White Collar" Jobs]]></title><description><![CDATA[&#127468;&#127463; English edition &#8212; Portuguese version here.]]></description><link>https://www.dariorodrigues.com/p/decoding-the-future-9</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.dariorodrigues.com/p/decoding-the-future-9</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Dario Rodrigues]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Wed, 05 Nov 2025 18:37:52 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hi6c!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F176a0a08-7ae7-40e1-9310-8ca93ee78732_1024x1024.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<h5><strong>&#127468;&#127463; English edition &#8212; Portuguese version <a href="https://dariorodrigues.substack.com/p/newsletter-9-descodificar-o-futuro">here</a>.</strong></h5><blockquote><p>&#8220;When intellectual work is automated, unemployment ceases to be an economic problem: it becomes a civilizational question.&#8221;<br>&#8212; Dario Rodrigues</p></blockquote><div><hr></div><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hi6c!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F176a0a08-7ae7-40e1-9310-8ca93ee78732_1024x1024.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hi6c!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F176a0a08-7ae7-40e1-9310-8ca93ee78732_1024x1024.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hi6c!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F176a0a08-7ae7-40e1-9310-8ca93ee78732_1024x1024.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hi6c!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F176a0a08-7ae7-40e1-9310-8ca93ee78732_1024x1024.png 1272w, 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hi6c!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F176a0a08-7ae7-40e1-9310-8ca93ee78732_1024x1024.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hi6c!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F176a0a08-7ae7-40e1-9310-8ca93ee78732_1024x1024.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hi6c!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F176a0a08-7ae7-40e1-9310-8ca93ee78732_1024x1024.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hi6c!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F176a0a08-7ae7-40e1-9310-8ca93ee78732_1024x1024.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h3><strong>The &#8220;job&#8221; that thinks for you &#8212; and soon, for itself.</strong></h3><p>As <strong>generative AI</strong> evolves from assistance to <strong>autonomous cognition</strong>, even high-skilled professions are being automated.<br><a href="https://www.finextra.com/newsarticle/46795/openai-hires-wall-street-bankers-to-train-ai-in-financial-models?">OpenAI is hiring former Wall Street bankers</a> to teach algorithms how to <strong>automate financial work</strong> &#8212; a perfect symbol of our age, where today&#8217;s experts are training the AI that will replace them tomorrow.</p><p>For centuries, technology has displaced physical labor.<br>Now, for the first time, machines don&#8217;t just <em>do</em> &#8212; they <em>think</em>, <em>decide</em>, and <em>create</em>.</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.dariorodrigues.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Thanks for reading Dario's Substack! Subscribe for free to receive new posts </p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p>&#8220;White-collar&#8221; jobs &#8212; once symbols of stability and status &#8212; are becoming an endangered species. Consultants, managers, lawyers, and marketers are being replaced by generative systems with exponential intelligence and zero marginal cost that think and work for them.</p><p>As the remuneration for answers approaches zero (a reality that the ubiquity of robotics will extend to the physical world within a few years), it seems obvious that education should focus first on the questions&#8230;</p><p>The dilemma is not only economic; it is ethical and educational.</p><p>How can a society be prepared for unprecedented levels of cognitive (and not only) unemployment when not everyone has an entrepreneurial spirit or the ability to reinvent themselves?</p><h3><strong>The dual path of response</strong></h3><p>The transition is inevitable, but it need not be traumatic.<br>A timely therapy requires two complementary paths:</p><ol><li><p><strong>Revolutionize vocational education.</strong><br>The entire technical education system must focus on developing skills in entrepreneurship, applied creativity, and autonomous problem-solving.<br>The goal is no longer to train employees &#8212; but creators of solutions.</p></li><li><p><strong>Create an &#8220;economic transition cushion.&#8221;</strong><br>A fair and intelligent support network must sustain those who are less able to adapt to the pace of the transition to a new &#8220;economy&#8221; of abundance.<br>This is not about welfare, but about time purchased with dignity &#8212; a social investment in reintegrating each citizen into the new productive cycle.<br>Such an investment signals a civilizational shift: capital will no longer be measured by the profit it extracts, but by the meaning it returns to society.</p></li></ol><p>Technological unemployment is not the end of work &#8212; it is the beginning of another form of human usefulness.<br>If work learns to think, then money must learn to make sense.</p><div><hr></div><h3>&#128284; <strong>In the Next Issue</strong></h3><p>If work must relearn how to create meaning,<br>the next question is whether <strong>money</strong> still has any.<br><em>(Issue #10 &#8212; &#8220;When Money Learns to Make Sense&#8221;)</em></p><div><hr></div><h3>&#127909; <strong>Preview &#8212; Visual Essay</strong></h3><p><strong>A Future We Can Trust</strong><br>&#128253;&#65039; A <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MhsPv_lUPCw">video reflection</a> on the new moral architecture of value &#8212; where code learns to serve meaning.<br></p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.dariorodrigues.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Thanks for reading Dario's Substack! Subscribe for free to receive new posts </p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[🧭 O Fim do Emprego Cognitivo “Colarinho Branco”]]></title><description><![CDATA[&#127477;&#127481; Edi&#231;&#227;o Portuguesa &#8212; English version here.]]></description><link>https://www.dariorodrigues.com/p/newsletter-9-descodificar-o-futuro</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.dariorodrigues.com/p/newsletter-9-descodificar-o-futuro</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Dario Rodrigues]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Wed, 05 Nov 2025 18:21:44 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!l0L0!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0fe716e7-0c75-4e3c-8f5d-0bf5f08c104b_1024x1024.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<h5><strong>&#127477;&#127481; Edi&#231;&#227;o Portuguesa &#8212; English version <a href="https://dariorodrigues.substack.com/p/decoding-the-future-9">here</a>.</strong></h5><blockquote><p>&#8220;Quando o trabalho intelectual &#233; automatizado, o desemprego deixa de ser um problema econ&#243;mico: torna-se uma quest&#227;o civilizacional.&#8221;<br>&#8212; Dario Rodrigues</p></blockquote><div><hr></div><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!l0L0!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0fe716e7-0c75-4e3c-8f5d-0bf5f08c104b_1024x1024.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!l0L0!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0fe716e7-0c75-4e3c-8f5d-0bf5f08c104b_1024x1024.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!l0L0!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0fe716e7-0c75-4e3c-8f5d-0bf5f08c104b_1024x1024.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!l0L0!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0fe716e7-0c75-4e3c-8f5d-0bf5f08c104b_1024x1024.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!l0L0!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0fe716e7-0c75-4e3c-8f5d-0bf5f08c104b_1024x1024.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!l0L0!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0fe716e7-0c75-4e3c-8f5d-0bf5f08c104b_1024x1024.png" width="1024" height="1024" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/0fe716e7-0c75-4e3c-8f5d-0bf5f08c104b_1024x1024.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1024,&quot;width&quot;:1024,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:2054915,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://dariorodrigues.substack.com/i/178100813?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0fe716e7-0c75-4e3c-8f5d-0bf5f08c104b_1024x1024.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!l0L0!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0fe716e7-0c75-4e3c-8f5d-0bf5f08c104b_1024x1024.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!l0L0!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0fe716e7-0c75-4e3c-8f5d-0bf5f08c104b_1024x1024.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!l0L0!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0fe716e7-0c75-4e3c-8f5d-0bf5f08c104b_1024x1024.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!l0L0!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0fe716e7-0c75-4e3c-8f5d-0bf5f08c104b_1024x1024.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h3><strong>O &#8220;emprego&#8221; que pensa por si &#8212; e em breve por si pr&#243;prio</strong></h3><p>&#192; medida que a <strong>IA generativa</strong> evolui da assist&#234;ncia para a <strong>autonomia cognitiva</strong>, at&#233; as profiss&#245;es mais qualificadas enfrentam a <strong>automa&#231;&#227;o do pensamento</strong>.</p><p><a href="https://www.finextra.com/newsarticle/46795/openai-hires-wall-street-bankers-to-train-ai-in-financial-models?">A OpenAI est&#225; a contratar ex-banqueiros</a> para ensinar os algoritmos a <strong>automatizar o trabalho financeiro</strong> &#8212; um s&#237;mbolo perfeito do nosso tempo: os especialistas de hoje treinam a intelig&#234;ncia artificial que os substituir&#225; amanh&#227;.<br><br>Durante s&#233;culos, a tecnologia substituiu, sobretudo, o trabalho manual.<br>Agora, pela primeira vez, a m&#225;quina j&#225; n&#227;o apenas <strong>faz</strong> &#8212; tamb&#233;m <strong>pensa</strong>, <strong>decide</strong> e <strong>cria</strong>.</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.dariorodrigues.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Subscreva gr&#225;tis e receba novas edi&#231;&#245;es:</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p>Os empregos &#8220;colarinho branco&#8221; (&#8220;white collar&#8221;), outrora s&#237;mbolo de estabilidade e estatuto, tornam-se uma esp&#233;cie em vias de extin&#231;&#227;o. Consultores, gestores, juristas e <em>marketers</em> cedem lugar a sistemas generativos com intelig&#234;ncia exponencial e custo marginal nulo que pensam e trabalham por eles.<br><br>Quando a remunera&#231;&#227;o das respostas tende para zero (uma realidade que a ubiquidade da rob&#243;tica estender&#225; ao mundo f&#237;sico em poucos anos), parece &#243;bvio que o ensino dever&#225; incidir antes nas perguntas&#8230; </p><p>O dilema n&#227;o &#233; apenas econ&#243;mico; &#233; <strong>&#233;tico e educativo</strong>.<br><br>Como preparar uma sociedade para n&#237;veis in&#233;ditos de desemprego cognitivo (e n&#227;o s&#243;), quando nem todos t&#234;m esp&#237;rito empreendedor ou capacidade de reinven&#231;&#227;o?</p><div><hr></div><h3><strong>O duplo caminho da resposta</strong></h3><p>A transi&#231;&#227;o &#233; inevit&#225;vel, mas n&#227;o precisa de ser traum&#225;tica.<br>Uma terap&#234;utica atempada exige duas vias complementares:</p><p><strong>1. Revolucionar o ensino profissionalizante.<br></strong><br>Todo o sistema de educa&#231;&#227;o t&#233;cnica deve centrar-se na&nbsp;<strong>forma&#231;&#227;o de compet&#234;ncias em empreendedorismo</strong>, criatividade aplicada e resolu&#231;&#227;o aut&#243;noma de problemas.<br>O objetivo j&#225; n&#227;o &#233; formar empregados &#8212; &#233; formar <strong>identificadores e criadores de solu&#231;&#245;es</strong>.</p><p><strong>2. Criar uma &#8220;almofada econ&#243;mica de transi&#231;&#227;o.&#8221;<br></strong><br>Uma rede de suporte justa e inteligente deve amparar os menos aptos a adaptar-se &#224; rapidez da nova economia.<br>N&#227;o se trata de assistencialismo, mas de <strong>tempo comprado com dignidade</strong> &#8212; um investimento social na reintegra&#231;&#227;o de cada cidad&#227;o no novo ciclo produtivo.<br><strong>Esse investimento sinaliza uma muta&#231;&#227;o civilizacional: o capital passar&#225; a ser medido n&#227;o pelo lucro que extrai, mas pelo sentido que devolve &#224; sociedade.</strong></p><p>O desemprego tecnol&#243;gico n&#227;o &#233; o fim do trabalho &#8212; &#233; o in&#237;cio de outra forma de utilidade humana.<br>Se o trabalho aprende a pensar, o dinheiro deve aprender a <strong>fazer sentido</strong>.<br><br>&#127909; <strong>Antevis&#227;o da pr&#243;xima edi&#231;&#227;o &#8212; Ensaio Visual</strong></p><p><strong>A Future We Can Trust</strong><br>&#128253;&#65039; Uma <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7LeJyylrNis">reflex&#227;o em v&#237;deo</a> sobre a nova arquitetura moral do valor &#8212;em que o c&#243;digo aprende a servir a confian&#231;a, o conhecimento e o verdadeiro desenvolvimento humano.<br></p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.dariorodrigues.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Obrigado pela leitura! Subscreva a Newsletter!</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[The Rising Line: The Age of "Infinite" Computing (1939-2025)]]></title><description><![CDATA[&#127468;&#127463; English edition &#8212; Portuguese version here.]]></description><link>https://www.dariorodrigues.com/p/decoding-the-future-8</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.dariorodrigues.com/p/decoding-the-future-8</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Dario Rodrigues]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sat, 25 Oct 2025 17:36:15 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AgFz!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fadd513f6-9bff-424f-af8e-dc9b2ef9999b_960x535.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<h5><strong>&#127468;&#127463; English edition &#8212; Portuguese version <a href="https://dariorodrigues.substack.com/publish/post/177097772">here</a>.</strong></h5><blockquote><blockquote><p>&#8220;The code no longer merely executes orders &#8212; it writes them.&#8221;<br><em>Dario Rodrigues (2025)</em></p></blockquote></blockquote><p><em>Intelligence becomes abundant. Value becomes programmable. And trust becomes automated.</em></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AgFz!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fadd513f6-9bff-424f-af8e-dc9b2ef9999b_960x535.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AgFz!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fadd513f6-9bff-424f-af8e-dc9b2ef9999b_960x535.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AgFz!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fadd513f6-9bff-424f-af8e-dc9b2ef9999b_960x535.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AgFz!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fadd513f6-9bff-424f-af8e-dc9b2ef9999b_960x535.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AgFz!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fadd513f6-9bff-424f-af8e-dc9b2ef9999b_960x535.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AgFz!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fadd513f6-9bff-424f-af8e-dc9b2ef9999b_960x535.jpeg" width="960" height="535" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/add513f6-9bff-424f-af8e-dc9b2ef9999b_960x535.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:535,&quot;width&quot;:960,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Pode ser uma imagem de texto que diz \&quot;PRICE PERFORMANCE OF COMPUTATION, 1939-2024 Best achieved price performance in computations per second per constant 2024 dollar 1,000,000,000,000 1 000 .000, .000,000 000, .000 100,000,000,000 00 0,000,000,000 .000 000, 10,000,000,000 000 1,000,000,000 .000, 000, 000 ERA 100 100,000,000 10,000,000 1,000,000 100,000 10,000 1,000 100 10 1.0 0.01 0.01 0.001 0. 0. . .00001 00001 :000 .0001 0.000000 0 1935 And it's very much a straight line. 1995 2025\&quot;&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Pode ser uma imagem de texto que diz \&quot;PRICE PERFORMANCE OF COMPUTATION, 1939-2024 Best achieved price performance in computations per second per constant 2024 dollar 1,000,000,000,000 1 000 .000, .000,000 000, .000 100,000,000,000 00 0,000,000,000 .000 000, 10,000,000,000 000 1,000,000,000 .000, 000, 000 ERA 100 100,000,000 10,000,000 1,000,000 100,000 10,000 1,000 100 10 1.0 0.01 0.01 0.001 0. 0. . .00001 00001 :000 .0001 0.000000 0 1935 And it's very much a straight line. 1995 2025\&quot;&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Pode ser uma imagem de texto que diz &quot;PRICE PERFORMANCE OF COMPUTATION, 1939-2024 Best achieved price performance in computations per second per constant 2024 dollar 1,000,000,000,000 1 000 .000, .000,000 000, .000 100,000,000,000 00 0,000,000,000 .000 000, 10,000,000,000 000 1,000,000,000 .000, 000, 000 ERA 100 100,000,000 10,000,000 1,000,000 100,000 10,000 1,000 100 10 1.0 0.01 0.01 0.001 0. 0. . .00001 00001 :000 .0001 0.000000 0 1935 And it's very much a straight line. 1995 2025&quot;" title="Pode ser uma imagem de texto que diz &quot;PRICE PERFORMANCE OF COMPUTATION, 1939-2024 Best achieved price performance in computations per second per constant 2024 dollar 1,000,000,000,000 1 000 .000, .000,000 000, .000 100,000,000,000 00 0,000,000,000 .000 000, 10,000,000,000 000 1,000,000,000 .000, 000, 000 ERA 100 100,000,000 10,000,000 1,000,000 100,000 10,000 1,000 100 10 1.0 0.01 0.01 0.001 0. 0. . .00001 00001 :000 .0001 0.000000 0 1935 And it's very much a straight line. 1995 2025&quot;" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AgFz!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fadd513f6-9bff-424f-af8e-dc9b2ef9999b_960x535.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AgFz!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fadd513f6-9bff-424f-af8e-dc9b2ef9999b_960x535.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AgFz!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fadd513f6-9bff-424f-af8e-dc9b2ef9999b_960x535.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AgFz!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fadd513f6-9bff-424f-af8e-dc9b2ef9999b_960x535.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h6>Source: Kurzweil, Ray. (2024). <em>Price-Performance of Computation, 1939-2024</em>. The Kurzweil Library &#8211; SIN Charts. Available at: <a href="https://www.thekurzweillibrary.com/sin-charts?utm_source=chatgpt.com">https://www.thekurzweillibrary.com/sin-charts</a> . Retrieved in 24th de October 2025.</h6><h3>1. The Price of Thinking</h3><p>Since 1939, the cost of computing has fallen by more than a billionfold.</p><p>The chart is clear: on a logarithmic scale, it&#8217;s a line that keeps climbing&#8212;and it never stops.</p><p>With every new generation of chips, the cost of processing information drops, capacity grows, and demand expands.</p><p>It&#8217;s the old law of supply and demand: <strong>the more accessible computing becomes, the more we need it.</strong></p><p>Hence, the global race for data centers&#8212;vast reservoirs of cognitive energy that feed artificial intelligence.</p><p>Yet there&#8217;s a decisive point that often goes unnoticed: <strong>the more AI becomes available, the cheaper it gets to produce each new unit of intelligence&#8212;and the cost of generating additional thought and labor approaches zero.</strong></p><p>First, the cost of intellectual labor disappears&#8212;both<strong> repetitive and creative, technical and cognitive.</strong></p><p>Then, <strong>robotization makes physical labor almost free&#8212;first the standardized, then nearly all of it.</strong></p><p>As automation removes labor scarcity, its economic value plunges.</p><p>It is the <strong>price of abundance.</strong></p><p>The brute force of computation remains indispensable to sustain the infrastructure of artificial intelligence&#8212;to train models, process data, and power global networks of decision.</p><p>Yet brute force alone is no longer enough to create <strong>value, meaning, or trust.</strong></p><p>What now matters is the <strong>direction</strong> of this abundant calculation, the <strong>sense</strong> of distributed intelligent processing, and the <strong>purpose</strong> of shared knowledge.</p><h3>2. From Energy to Value</h3><p>When the capacity to think with machines becomes practically free, <strong>the effort associated with such work ceases to be scarce.</strong></p><p>And in economics, <strong>anything that ceases to be scarce loses value.</strong></p><p>Thus, <strong>what now serves to measure value is no longer the effort something embodies but the practical result it produces</strong>&#8212;its utility, impact, and benefit.</p><p><em>A text may take hours to write by a human or seconds to generate by an AI; its value will no longer depend on the time or labor invested but on the relevance of what it communicates.</em></p><p>This is where the new digital money comes in: <strong>stablecoins, tokens, and smart contracts.</strong></p><p>These decentralized systems connect <strong>computational power to the verification of community benefits</strong>, converting energy and information into <strong>economic trust.</strong></p><p>Cryptocurrencies thus cease to be mere means of payment and become <strong>instruments of validation</strong>, proving that something has happened, and are worth only insofar as that something brings real value to the communities that use them.</p><p>To understand this, one must grasp what smart contracts are.</p><p>They are the bridge between <strong>the AI that decides</strong> and <strong>the blockchain that guarantees.</strong></p><p>These are self-executing programs that carry out agreements when real-world conditions are met, translating human trust into verifiable code.</p><p>It is this guarantee of automatic execution that enables distributed trust.</p><p>For example, cryptocurrencies can <strong>pay a farmer</strong> as soon as a sensor confirms a harvest delivery, <strong>compensate an environmental project</strong> when data confirms a reduction in carbon emissions, or <strong>settle an insurance claim</strong> the moment a vehicle is detected as immobilized after an accident.</p><p>They can also <strong>remunerate an artist</strong> whenever a digital work is viewed or played, <strong>release research funds</strong> once results are peer-validated, or <strong>issue verified learning certificates</strong> upon a student&#8217;s completion of an accredited online course.</p><p>In more sensitive ethical contexts, they can <strong>finance healthcare</strong> only when clinical indicators confirm improvement, <strong>distribute humanitarian aid</strong> exclusively to those in verified crisis zones, or <strong>grant micro-payments to students</strong> in vulnerable regions upon meeting learning milestones.</p><p>Even in global logistics, <strong>payments for shipping and storage</strong> can be released as soon as GPS confirms delivery and independent sensors (e.g., thermometers) validate cargo quality.</p><p>In simple terms, <strong>AI produces knowledge, and blockchain ensures trust.</strong></p><p>Together, they form <strong>a new verification economy&#8212;a crypto-economy&#8212;where value is not born of effort or scarcity, but of proven benefit.</strong></p><h3>3. &#128167; The Old Paradox of Value</h3><p>Adam Smith called it the <em>paradox of water and diamonds</em>:</p><p><em>Water is essential to life, yet it is cheap.</em></p><p><em>Diamonds are useless, yet expensive.</em></p><p>During the twentieth and early twenty-first centuries, the digital economy repeated this dilemma.</p><p>Knowledge&#8212;abundant and vital&#8212;became worth less than the attention it attracted, and <strong>exchange value came to reside in data, clicks, and advertisements.</strong></p><p>However, this monetization of attention carried a hidden cost: <strong>it turned polarization into a business model.</strong></p><p>To sharpen market segments meant more clicks per ad, but by rewarding outrage, shock, and division, digital platforms <strong>fractured the public sphere and eroded the very foundation of democratic trust.</strong></p><p>Fortunately, the paradigm may now be shifting.</p><p>With AI, decentralized digital money, and smart contracts, it becomes possible to <strong>measure and reward real use-value</strong>&#8212;the benefit something generates, the positive impact it produces, and the meaning it adds.</p><p>Utility ceases to be invisible: <strong>value is no longer a promise but a measurable effect</strong>, verified by the impact it produces within the communities through which it circulates&#8212;like<em> a carbon credit that is worth something only if the forest truly exists, or an energy token that retains value only if it genuinely brings light to people&#8217;s lives.</em></p><p><em>&#8220;The digital diamond of the future will not be the rare datum but the brilliance of its benefit.&#8221;</em></p><h3>4. The Ethical Consequence</h3><p>As the cost of thinking approaches zero, <strong>morality becomes the new scarcity.</strong></p><p>The exchange value of goods and services is no longer defined merely by price but by <strong>a meaning recognized as ethical</strong>, measured through verified usefulness within the communities that trade them.</p><p>The rise of <strong>an economy of verifiable benefits</strong>&#8212;where value is born from the good that is proven rather than the exhausted effort&#8212;signals a shift in which <strong>work gives way to purpose, and calculation is shaped by collective conscience.</strong></p><p>The proliferation of data centers will only make sense if the energy they consume returns to the world as <strong>knowledge, utility, and well-being.</strong></p><p>For the challenge is no longer to calculate more but<strong> to understand better</strong>&#8212;to give the energy that powers artificial intelligence a truly human purpose.</p><p>&#129718; <em>Less energy per idea. More meaning per watt.<br><br></em><strong>Dario Rodrigues</strong></p>]]></content:encoded></item></channel></rss>